吉野作造对九一八事变的认识——近代日本知识分子的战争观管窥

Modern Japanese Intellectuals’ Views of the War: Evidence from Yoshino Sakuzo's Opinion of the Manchurian Incident

从1894年的中日甲午战争到1941年的太平洋战争,日本几乎每隔十年就发动或参与大规模的对外侵略战争。在连续进行对外侵略战争的历史过程中,日本知识分子是如何把握世界形势同日本的关系,又是以怎样的思想理论逻辑选择战争之路的?本文通过考察日本著名知识分子、民本主义思想家吉野作造对九一八事变的认识,论证:帝国主义时代培养起来的"弱肉强食"的生存观同资本主义经济危机所引发的"民族生存"的危机意识相结合,构成了吉野作造接受关东军以武力解决"满蒙问题"的内外原因。目前国内学术界少有关于日本知识分子战争观的研究,作者期望通过探究以吉野作造为代表的日本知识分子战争观的形成及演变,揭示19世纪30年代日本发动侵华战争的社会基础和思想根源。

From the first Sino-Japanese war in 1894 to the war in the Pacific in 1941, Japan waged or took part in largescale external wars almost every other decade. In this historical process of regular external wars, how did Japanese intellectuals and citizens avail themselves of the world situations？ And according to what theoretic logic did they choose the road to war？ Through analyzing the views of ＂September 18th Incident＂ of the Japanese intellectual and political thinker Sakuz5 Yoshino, who is well-known for his theory of politics of the people, this paper attempts to prove that the cause of Sakuz5 Yoshino and other Japanese＇s acceptance of Kwantung Army＇s appealing to force to solve ＂China＇s Manchuria and Mongolia Issue＂ is the existence philosophy of ＂law of the jungle＂ formed during the imperialist period plus the crisis consciousness of ＂national survival＂ resulting from the financial crises of capitalism.