民众社会公平期望的结构及其预测机制

The Structure of Social Justice Expectations and its Related Prediction Mechanisms

本研究旨在编制民众社会公平期望问卷及对影响民众社会公平期望的机制进行初步探索。在广泛访谈的基础上,经过问卷的编制、初测和再测,形成了三个维度,即分配公平、程序公平和公平控制;问卷内部一致性信度为0.96,验证性因素分析结果证明了问卷具有较好的结构效度。通过问卷编制发现：民众的社会公平期望在年龄和职业上存在显著差异,在年龄差异上,41~50岁年龄段的民众程序公平期望最低,31~40岁年龄段的男性社会公平期望水平要远高于女性;在职业差异上,无业人员的分配公平期望最低,而国家机关和事业单位的工作人员公平控制期望最高。同时研究发现了积极社会信念在公平体验和公平期望之间起到部分中介作用,研究没有发现过去生活满意度对公平期望的预测作用。

This research aims to develop the questionnaire of social justice expectations and discuss the impact of the mechanism on social justice expectations.Based on extensive interviews and first survival,amendment,and re-measurement,social justice expectations questionnaire is composed of three dimensions： distribution justice expectation,procedure justice expectation,and justice control expectation.The Cronbach＇s coefficient of the questionnaire is 0.96,and its EMS results show high structure validity.As a whole,there are significant differences in social justice expectations with different ages and professions.In the respect of age differences,the 41-50 age group has the lowest procedure justice expectation;the 31-40 male age group has much higher social justice expectation than that of women.In the respect of occupational differences,unemployed workers have the lowest distribution justice expectation,while national civil servants and institutions staff have the highest justice control expectation.Positive social belief plays partial mediate role in the relationship between justice experience and justice expectations,but there are no findings showing that life satisfaction can predict social justice expectations.