“新公共管理运动”的困境与转型——新西兰公共部门改革的反思及参鉴

The Dilemma and Transformation of "New Public Management"——Rethinking and Referencing of New Zealand's Public Sector Reforms

新西兰公共部门改革是"新公共管理运动"的先锋,作为"改革实验室"和"政策创新者",因其彻底性、持续性及成效性被誉为"改革的典范"。然而近年来,西方公共管理学界提出了若干质疑,甚至认为"新公共管理运动已经死亡"。本文在考察新西兰公共部门改革实践的基础上,对实践模式的局限性及时代转换的压力两方面的批判性反思进行了梳理和分析:其"公平"与"公共"价值已经失落?是"经济学帝国"的扩张?还是"新泰勒主义"的表现?亦或是随着改革主题的衰落,数字时代治理的来临。对这一改革的实践发掘和理论反思对于当前我国政府职能转换与行政改革具有重要的参鉴价值:首先,推进改革的政府需要具备必要的能力基础;公共部门改革的核心命题是转变理念,优化政府职能,提高政府的效率和效能;而改革能否顺利推进,取决于广大民众和政府之间的深入互动;此外,改革需要尊重地方政府的主动性,充分发挥其作用。

New Zealand＇s public sector reforms are the pioneers of ＂New Public Management movement＂,and,as the ＂laboratory of reform＂ and ＂policy innovator＂,it is reputed as ＂the model of reform＂ because of its thoroughness,sustainability and effectiveness.However,in recent years,Western scholars in the field of public administration have put forward a number of questions,and even think that ＂new public management movement has died＂.Based on the investigation of New Zealand＇s public sector reforms,this paper discusses the critical debate on the limitations of their practice patterns and the change of the times： Is the value of ＂fairness＂ and ＂publicness＂ lost？ Is an expansion of ＂economics imperialism＂ or a ＂new Taylor doctrine＂？ Is the digital age governance coming with the decline of the theme of reform？ Through theory reflection and reform practice,this paper gets some important references for current government function transition and administrative reforms： First,necessary ability foundation is needed to push forward government reforms;Then the core of public sector reforms is to change the philosophy,in order to optimize government functions and improve its efficiency and efficacy;But the reform＇s successful propulsion depends on propulsion further interaction between the public and governments;In addition,reforms need to respect the initiatives of local governments and give full play to their functions.