抑郁焦虑状态患者饮食特点

Dietary patterns in patients with depression/anxiety symptoms

目的:了解抑郁焦态的患者饮食结构特点,探讨抑郁焦虑症状的产生与营养素摄入不均衡可能存在的关系。方法:2010年11月-2011年2月在北京安贞医院神经内科门诊就诊患者中,选取汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分≥17分和(或)汉密顿焦虑量表(HAMA)≥14分者纳入抑郁焦虑组(n=85);选取来本院做健康查体者中躯体检查无异常,HAMD和HAMA评分均<7分者作为健康对照组(n=82)。对两组对象进行饮食问卷调查,比较两组的饮食习惯,同时将两组数据与2002年全国居民饮食调查结果进行比较;测查并比较两组血糖、血脂、血浆总蛋白、白蛋白浓度。结果:抑郁焦虑组与健康对照组在碳水化合物(来源于主食)、蔬菜和水果的摄入方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但是抑郁焦虑组优质蛋白(来源于肉、蛋、奶、豆)的摄入明显低于健康对照组(均P<0.01);抑郁焦虑组优质蛋白摄入量<20g/d者的比例高于健康对照组(72.9%vs.17.1%,P<0.01)。与2005年全国城乡居民膳食调查结果相比较,抑郁焦虑组优质蛋白摄入量为全国平均水平51.5%,而健康对照组为108%,其中畜禽类和水产类动物蛋白的摄入量抑郁焦虑组为全国平均水平的25.7%,健康对照组为82.6%。抑郁焦虑组胆固醇的摄入量明显低于健康对照组(P<0.01),为2002年全国平均水平的61.3%,而B组为140.5%。剔除性别因素造成饮食量上的干扰,将男女分开分析,结论与性别混合时基本相同。相关分析显示HAMD、HAMA总分与优质蛋白和胆固醇摄入量之间无相关性。两组在血糖、血脂、血浆蛋白方面差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论:抑郁焦虑状态的患者存在明显的饮食结构不合理,主要表现为优质蛋白和胆固醇摄入过少。

Objective： To compare the eating characteristic between patients with depression/anxiety symptoms and normal coutrols. Methods： Altogether 85 out-patients from department of internal neurology of Beijing Anzhen Hospital whose scores of the Hamilton Depression Scale （HAMD） ≥17 and/or Hamilton Anxiety Scale （HAMA） ≥14 were selected as the case group. And 82 healthy adults whose HAMD and HAMA grades were less than 7 point were selected as the control group. Quantitative frequency method was used to investigate the dietary patterns in the two groups. The data of 2002 national survey of citizen diet were used as reference. And the concen- trations of blood glucose, lipid, total protein, and albumin were determined. Results： There were no significant difference between the two groups in the intake of carbohydrate （from staple foods）, vegetables and fruits. However, the intake of high quality protein from meat, egg, milk and bean was significantly lower in case group than in control group （P 〈 0. 01）. The percentage of daily intake of high quality protein below 20g/d in case group was higher than in control group （72.9% vs. 17. 1%, P 〈 0. 01）. Comparing with the data of national survey, the high quality protein intake in case group and control group were 51.5% and 108% of national average level respectively. And the intake of animal protein from livestock, poultry and seafood in case group control and group were 25.7% and 82. 6% of the national average level. Furthermore, the intake of cholesterol in case group was sig- nificantly lower than in control group （P 〈 0. 01）. The cholesterol intake in case group was 61.3 % of national average level, and 140. 5% in control group. When the data of males and females were analyzed separately, the result was similar to the above. Correlation analysis showed that high quality protein and cholesterol were not correlated with HAMD and HAMA scores. There were no significant differences between tow groups in the levels of blood glucose and serum lipid and serum protein （Ps 〉 0. 05）. Conclusion： It suggests the dietary structure of patients with depression and anxiety status may be not reasonable, which is characterized by lower intake of high quality protein and cholesterol than daily requirement.