4～6年级小学生儿童虐待经历与抑郁情绪、睡眠质量的关系

Relationship among child-abuse,depressive symptoms and sleep quality in grade 4-6 primary students

目的:探讨儿童虐待经历与小学生抑郁情绪、睡眠质量的关系。方法:分层抽取重庆市主城3区的9所小学校(重点、普通及农民工小学各3所)的1523名在校4～6年级小学生。运用儿童受虐量表评定小学生的受虐待状况,量表总分中负的分值代表虐待;儿童抑郁自评量表(DSRSC)评定小学生的抑郁情绪,总分≥15分表示有抑郁症状;匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)评定小学生的睡眠状况,量表总分>7分表示有睡眠质量问题。共收回有效问卷1417份。结果:小学生虐待、抑郁情绪、睡眠质量问题检出率分别为41.7%、23.2%、26.2%。受虐者的PSQI总分、入睡时间、睡眠时间、睡眠效率、日间功能障碍得分均较非受虐者高(均P<0.05);抑郁者的PSQI总分、入睡时间、睡眠效率得分较无抑郁者高(均P<0.05)。相关分析显示,PSQI总分和抑郁总分与躯体虐待、言语虐待的总分呈负相关(r=-0.06～-0.72,P<0.05);PSQI总分、入睡时间、睡眠效率得分与抑郁总分呈正相关(r=0.13～0.14,P<0.01)。结论:小学生受虐待、抑郁情绪、睡眠质量问题的检出率均较高,且受虐程度特别是躯体虐待、言语虐待程度越严重其情绪和睡眠质量也越差,值得学校和家长高度关注。

Objective： To study the relationship between child-abuse and depressive symptoms, sleep quality in primary students. Methods： Using stratified randomization sampling method, 1523 primary students in grade 4-6 were selected and assessed with the Child Abuse Scale, Depression Self-Rating Scale for Children （DSRSC）, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index （PSQI）. The total score of the DSRSC I〉 15 meant the children had depressive symptoms; and the total score of PSQI 〉 7 meant the children had sleep problem. Totally 1417 valid questionnaires were analyzed. Results： The rates of child abuse, depressive symptoms and sleep quality were 41.7%, 23.2%, and 26. 2%, respectively. The scores of PSQI, sleep latency, sleep time, habitual sleep efficiency, daytime dysfunction were higher in abused subjects than non abused ones （Ps 〈 0. 05） ; and the scores of PSQI, sleep latency, sleep time, and habitual sleep efficiency in subjects with depressive symptom were higher than that in subjects without de- pressive symptom （Ps 〈0. 05）. Correlation analysis showed that the total scores of PSQI and DSRSC were nega- tively correlated with physical abuse and verbal abuse （r = -0. 06 - -0. 72, P 〈 0.05）. The scores of PSQI, sleep latency, habitual sleep efficiency were positively correlated with DSRSC total score （ r = 0. 13 - 0. 14, P 〈 0. 01）. Conclusion： It indicates that child abuse, depressive symptoms and sleep quality problem are common in primary students in grade 4-6. The child abuse, especially physical abuse and verbal abuse may have negative effects on the mood and sleep quality in primary students, which should be noticed.