麦稻轮作制下磷肥·钾肥合理分配技术研究

Study on Assignment of Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizer in Wheat-Paddy Rotation System

[目的]探讨小麦—水稻轮作制中磷肥、钾肥合理分配技术。[方法]采用田间磷钾分配运筹试验,研究在轮作周期内磷、钾肥总用量不变的前提下,磷钾不同分配比例对小麦、水稻产量构成因素及产量的影响。[结果]小麦季、水稻季以及整个轮作周期作物总产量均以处理⑤(小麦季磷钾肥用量分别占轮作周期总用量的70%和30%,水稻季磷钾肥用量分别占轮作周期总用量的30%和70%)产量最高,而麦季不施磷、稻季不施钾的处理②产量最低。小麦季不施用磷肥导致小麦有效穗数大幅度降低是小麦显著减产的主要原因。水稻季不施钾肥使穗粒数降低是水稻显著减产的重要因素。[结论]在保证整个轮作周期磷、钾肥总量一定时,可以将磷肥重施于小麦季,而钾肥可以主要施于水稻季。

[Objective]The research aimed to explore the reasonable distribution of P and K fertilizer in wheat-paddy rotation system.[Method]A field experiment on the distribution of P and K was conducted to study the effects of different ratios of P,K Fertilizer applied to wheat and paddy on yield component factors and yield.[Result]The treatment with maximum yield was treat ⑤（During the wheat-crop,P and K rate accounted for 70% and 30% of the total application respectively,during the paddy-crop,P and K rate accounted for 30% and 70% of the total application respectively） for wheat yield,paddy yield and total yield in the whole rotation cycle.And the treatment with the lowest yield was treatment ② under no phosphorus application in wheat-crop and no potassium in paddy-crop.The key factor of sharp decrease in wheat yield was the reduction in wheat effective ears for applying no P fertilization.The important cause of significant decrease in paddy yield was the reduction in paddy grain for no K fertilization.[Conclusion]A certain P,K fertilization rate was kept,and upon this condition,P,K fertilizer should be mainly applied to wheat and paddy respectively.