阿月浑子花粉活力及授粉的研究

Research on Pollen Vitality and Pollination of Pistacia vera L.

[目的]研究阿月浑子的花粉活力及授粉,提高阿月浑子结实率。[方法]对阿月浑子花粉活力的影响因子(花粉适宜采集时期、贮藏和萌发生长的适宜条件)进行了研究。[结果]在长期贮藏情况下,采粉时应主要关注花序的开放情况,以开放50%～75%为宜;花粉的干燥方式以自然阴干较好;花粉萌发和生长以25℃左右为宜,在人工辅助授粉时应注意选择适宜的天气条件,避开正午高温及早晚的低温;100mg/L硼酸能明显促进花粉的萌发和生长,在人工辅助授粉时应同时施用100mg/L硼酸。[结论]为解决阿月浑子雌雄株配置不当和雌雄花花期不遇带来的授粉不足问题提供了理论依据。

[Objective]The aim was to study the pollen vitality and pollination of Pistacia vera L.so as to improve seed-setting rate of pistachio.[Method]Some affecting factors of pollen vitality of Pistacia vera L.like suitable collection period and the suitable conditions of storage,germination and growth were studied.[Result]In condition of long-term storage,picking pink inflorescences should mainly concern with opening up,and 50%-75% opening up was better.The way of drying pollen was appreciates of dry naturally.Pollen germination and growth was appreciates of 25 ℃,so in the artificial pollination should pay attention to the weather conditions and avoid the high temperature at noon and the low temperature at morning and evening.100 mg/L boric acid could promote pollen germination and growth,so artificial pollination should add with 100 mg/L boric acid.[Conclusion]The research provides theoretical basis for solving the problem of inadequate pollination which was brought in by the unreasonable allocation of male and female pistachio trees and the different periods of male and female flowers.