道家思想对园林的影响

Influence of Taoism on Gardens

在解读《道德经》的基础上分析了"道"的内涵,强调其是道家最基本、永恒、超越物质存在的宇宙法则,是一切变化的根源。指出园林艺术是时-空综合的艺术,道家思想对中国园林艺术的影响十分深远,其哲学思想是园林艺术创作的重要理论支撑。在此基础上,重点介绍了"道法自然""天人合一""神仙信仰"等道家思想以及道家辩证思想对中国园林艺术创作所产生的重大影响,为中国园林艺术追求自然美的艺术精神、崇尚人与自然和谐相处的设计原则、以神仙和仙境传说作为设计蓝本的特色找到了思想根源,也解析了园林艺术中有无、虚实、内外、大小、高低、抑扬、疏密、藏露等对比手法与道家哲学思想的不谋而合,突出了"境生象外"作为中国古典园林艺术核心内涵的意境魅力,强调在道家思想影响下产生的园林空间组织以及空间引导和暗示、布局形式、景观节点的布置、园林植物配置等常用手法,使得中国园林更具有含蓄性和趣味性,更具东方魅力。

Based on interpretation of Dao De Jing（a book written by LAO Zi）,the connotation of＂Tao＂had been analyzed and it emphasized that Taoism is the most basic and eternal universal law transcending physical existence and the origin of all changes.It pointed out that garden art was integrated art of time and space,Taoism had made profound effect on Chinese garden art,and its philosophical thought was the important theoretical support for garden artistic creation.On this basis,it laid stress on great influence on artistic creation of Chinese garden produced by Taoist dialectical thoughts and Taoist thoughts such as＂Taoism following nature＂,＂unity between heaven and human＂,and＂immortal belief＂;and found ideological source for Chinese garden art to pursue artistic spirit of natural beauty,uphold designing principle of harmonious coexistence between human and nature,and take supernatural being and fairyland legend as the design version.It also analyzed that Taoist philosophical thought happened to coincide with contrast methods of garden art involving tangibility and intangibility,falsehood and reality,internality and externality,bigness and smallness,high and low,rising and falling,sparseness and denseness,exposedness and unexposedness,and so on.It highlighted artistic charm of＂prospect generating beyond images＂as the core connotation of Chinese classical garden art;emphasized frequently-used methods for garden spatial organization,spatial guidance and indication,layout pattern,arrangement of scenic spots and disposition of landscaping plants which were produced under the influence of Taoism,making Chinese garden be of more implicitness,interestingness and orient glamour.