中国传统园林的华夏文化审美底蕴分析

Analysis of Aesthetic Connotation of Huaxia Culture Involved in Chinese Traditional Garden

在强调华夏文化审美是中国传统文化在审美上的取向的基础上,将华夏审美文化分为2部分:作为基底的传统礼乐文化审美和在不同时期作为显性的不同审美文化:儒家文化审美、隐逸文化审美和儒、佛、道思想圆融的文化审美。传统礼乐文化审美包括主从有序的形式美、和合天地的"和同"美以及圣数蕴道。不同时期的显性审美文化按顺序可分为3段具有不同特点的审美表象,即儒家审美关于"大化流行"的感悟、"孔颜乐处"的君子人伦之美与浩然的山水情怀;隐逸审美的超以象外、栖身山水与乐归田园;儒、佛、道3家思想圆融审美所包含的和谐共济、格物致知与适意闲心的审美。这些不同时段占主导地位的审美意趣与作为基底的礼乐文化审美相叠加,并在中国传统园林中以警句妙语的形式对造园意境加以点题和深化。

Based on emphasis of Huaxia cultural aesthetics as the aesthetic tendency of Chinese traditional culture,Huaxia aesthetic culture had been divided into two parts：traditional ritual cultural aesthetics as the base and different aesthetic cultures dominating at different periods which included Confucius cultural aesthetics,seclusion cultural aesthetics and co-existence of Confucius,Taoist and Buddhist cultural aesthetics.Traditional ritual cultural aesthetics contained formal beauty,harmonious beauty and sacred numbers.Confucius aesthetics consisted of constant flow,happiness in poverty,and moral nature.The seclusion aesthetics consisted of super universe,hermit in nature and pastoral habitation.Co-existing aesthetics of Confucius,Taoist and Buddhist culture consisted of harmonious aid,principles＇conclusion and leisure life.These dominating aesthetic cultures overlaid with basic ritual culture,and enhanced artistic conception of Chinese traditional gardens with witty words and sentences.