陕北寺庙园林景观营造探析

Construction of Monastery Garden Landscapes in Northern Shaanxi Province

针对陕北寺庙园林景观的营造现状,分析了寺庙园林自然环境条件恶劣、宗教和旅游功能兼备、建筑群空间容量较大、历史文化背景悠久以及兼具植物园功能的景观特点,也指出了陕北寺庙园林中存在的许多问题,集中表现在绿化方面缺乏总体规划和与宗教文化相关的植物;缺少体现植物观赏性和季相性的艺术配置手段;植物配置缺少陕北文化特征;配置方式不够丰富,配置比例不合理;对垂直绿化重视不足;植物群落相似性较大,多样性较小。在调查和分析陕北寺庙园林景观现状特点和存在问题的基础上,对陕北寺庙园林的香道、宗教活动部分和生活供应部分在布局形式和植物配置上进行研究,并归纳出适应陕北地区寺庙园林绿化的植物种类,旨在探索陕北寺庙园林"天人合一"的景观新模式,以期为陕北寺庙园林的景观营造提供参考。

In view of the present construction of monastery garden landscapes in northern Shaanxi,landscape features were pointed out as：harsh natural environment of monastery garden,dual functions of religion and tourism,large spatial capacity of architectural complex,long history and profound cultural deposits,and also working as a botanic garden.Problems in these monastery gardens were proposed as：poor overall landscaping design,insufficient plants concerning religious cultures,lacking in artistic plant furnishings showing ornamental effects and seasonal aspects of plants,plant furnishings failed to show cultural characteristics of northern Shaanxi,poor diversity and improper ratio of plant furnishings,attaching insufficient importance to vertical greening,similar plant communities.On the basis of investigating characteristics and problems of monastery garden landscapes in northern Shaanxi,layouts and plant furnishings of incense roads,religious sectors and living sectors in those gardens were analyzed,suitable plant species were given as references,so as to explore new＂human-nature oneness＂modes and provide useful experience for the landscape construction of monastery gardens in Shaanxi.