城市土地利用变化对生态系统服务价值损益估算——以成都市为例

Estimation on Gain and Losses of Ecosystem Service Value of Urban Land Use——A Case Study of Chengdu City

生态系统服务价值研究是目前生态学研究的热点之一。对土地利用变化的生态服务价值损益进行定量估算,为生态资源利用的有效补偿和促进自然生态系统持续发展提供科学的依据。基于遥感与GIS技术提取、分析了16 a来成都市土地利用变化信息;参考谢高地的生态服务价值系数,并结合成都市实际情况,对生态系统服务价值系数表进行修正,制定了成都市生态系统服务价值当量表,对生态系统服务价值进行了定量估算。结果表明:1992-2008年土地利用时空演变呈加大趋势,土地利用变化导致生态系统服务价值增加、区域差异与流向变化显著,且生态系统服务价值主要由林地、水域与农业用地等生态系统支撑,系统结构较简单;1992-2000年生态系统服务价值由35.429亿元增加到38.833亿元,增加了3.403亿元,变化率为9.605%;2000-2008年生态系统服务价值增加到40.705亿元,增加了1.872亿元,增长率达4.821%;不同土地利用类型的生态服务价值差别很大,1992年、2000年、2008年林地的生态系统服务价值分别占总价值的59.684%、70.929%和67.125%,其次为水域和耕地;1992-2008年间土地利用转化导致生态服务价值流向变化,耕地、林地、水域向建设用地的转移导致生态服务价值的负流向。这一研究结果,对加强对耕地、林地、水体等生态系统的保护,严格控制农地向建设用地转移具有重要意义。

Global environmental changes,including land use and land cover changes,have considerable impacts on the ecological properties of ecosystems and therefore on the ecosystem services that societies derive from them.The study on ecosystem services value（ESV） has been one of the hottest issues in the field of ecology.Quantitative losses estimation on ESV of land use change will be a scientific basis for effective compensation of ecological resources use,and sustainable use of natural ecosystem.The information of land use change was extracted and analyzed during the past 16 years based on RS and GIS.The unit coefficient table of ESV was amended based on reference to the ESV coefficient by Xiegaodi and Costanza et al.,which combined with the actual situation in Chengdu city.The equivalent of ESV by per unit area was enacted in Chengdu city,and the loss estimation on ESV of land use change was quantitatively estimated.The result shows that the spatial and temporal pattern of land use has changed greatly in study area from 1992 to 2008.Land use change has led to ESV increase and obvious change in regions difference and EVS flow direction.The ecosystem structure is simple main sustained by the ecosystem of forestland,waterbody and land for agriculture et al.The ESV in study area increased from 35.429×108 RMB yuan in 1992 to 38.833×108 RMB yuan in 2008,the ESV had increased by 3.403×108 yuan and the percentage of ESV had increased by 9.605%.The ESV increased 40.705×108 yuan during 1992-2008 by 1.872×108 yuan and change rate is 4.821%.There is a huge ESV difference in different land use types,the propotion of ESV for forest land in total VES is 59.684%,70.929% and 67.125% in 1992,2000 and 2008,respectively,the second place was water body and cultivated land;land use types conversion in 1992-2008 has led to change of ESV flow direction,cultivated land,the conversion of forest land and water body has the negative flow direction of VES.So,keeping economy development and environment quality to improve by the means of strictly controled the conversion from land for agoriculture land to built-land in the process of land use and then increase efficiency of built-land was enhanced.We conclude that future land use policy formulation should be given precedence to the conservation of these ecosystems,and further land use should be based on rigorous environmental impact analyses.Therefore,ecosystem such as cultivated land,forest land and water body is intense safe guarded in the course of future ecosystem management.