北京怀柔区沙河干涸河流生态治理初探

Study on Ecological Management of Dry-up River in Sha River in Huairou District of Beijing

我国北方地区多数河流经常处于干枯状态,而有关干涸河流生态治理少有研究,对干枯河道的治理研究具有现实的指导意义。以北京怀柔区沙河治理为研究对象,以植物绿化为主,工程治理为辅的生态治理为原则,对5.5 km的河段进行治理;施工中应用抛石、铅丝笼和方砖等工程措施进行初步治理,并应用4种植物材料进行绿化。植物绿化效果调查的结果表明:植物材料成活率达到了80%以上;新生枝条平均长度200 cm以上,生长状况良好,对示范区具有良好的适应性。工程实施后,河岸带植物多样性增加,Shannon-Weiner指数范围为12.9～49.0,Pielou指数范围在3.0～12.6之间,波动较大;增加河岸带景观效果,改善了小生境。沙河治理取得了明显的治理效果,为我国北方河道治理提供新的思路和借鉴。

A large part of rivers in northern China are dry-up in long time during seasons.However,a few studies were taken in ecological management of seasonal dry up rivers.According to this situation,we selected Sha River of Huairou District in Beijing as a case.Ecological control measures were dominated by plant greening and assisted by engineering measures.5.5 km long of river was restored.Using riprap,wire cage and square brick to protect the slope and using four kinds of plant materials to slope revegetation.The survey results show that：the survival rate of plant reached above 80%,the mean height of new branches was above 200 cm,the growth status of the plant was better and the plant was suited for the local environment.It also shows that after the project implementation,the diversity of riparian plant increased.The Shannon-Wiener index ranged from 12.9 to 49.9 and Pielou index ranged from 3.0 to 12.9.The landscape effects and the ecological environment were improved in the restoration area.The results will give some theoretic base and new ideas for ecological management of seasonal dry up rivers in the northern China.