中小流域可持续发展综合评价——以北京市拒马河流域为例

Analysis and Assessment of Sustainable Development of Meso-and Micro-scale River Basin——A Case Study of Juma River Basin in Beijing

研究以北京市境内拒马河流域为研究对象,通过构建流域可持续发展评价指标体系,采用综合指数评价法对该流域的可持续发展能力进行综合评价。研究结果表明:拒马河流域的可持续发展能力2003-2008年逐年增强,到2008年流域整体达到中等可持续发展水平,仍有待提升。其中,流域社会发展的可持续水平较高,环境保护和经济发展可持续水平其次,前3者均达到可持续发展的中等水平;而流域自然资源的可持续利用能力较弱。由于资源分布的不均衡,流域各乡镇之间的可持续发展能力存在较大差异。流域内水资源和耕地资源的相对缺乏、农村居民人均纯收入低且存在较大地域差异、农民生活仍不富裕、产业结构失衡以及旅游业迅速扩张带来的生态环境压力是拒马河流域可持续发展的主要制约因素。研究中采用的评价方法和指标体系获得的评价结果能够较为客观地反映该地区的实际情况。

An indicator framework was constructed in this paper to make the integrated assessment on the sustainable development of the Juma River Basin in Beijing.The results showed that the sustainable development capability of the Juma River Basin was improved gradually from 2003 to 2008 and had reached the medium level in 2008.The index value of the social development of the Juma river basin was the highest,followed by the environmental protection and economic development,which were 0.8,0.66 and 0.66,respectively.The sustainable development capability of nature resource utilization of the river basin was weak and needed to be improved.There were significant area differentiations of sustainable development capability in the Juma River Basin because of the uneven distribution of natural resources.The shortage of water and land resources,the low income of rural residents,the gap between the rich and the poor,the disproportion of the industrial structure and the environmental stress produced by the rapid development of tourism were the major factors to inhibit the development in the Juma River Basin.The results achieved in this paper could conform the actual conditions of the Juma River Basin well.