美国国家公园立法体系研究

A Study on American National Park Legislative System

美国是世界上第一个建立国家公园的国家,也是国家公园立法体系最为完善的国家之一。对美国国家公园立法体系形成的三个重要时期作了总结,并对国家公园立法理念和思想变化作了深入讨论,研究认为美国国家公园立法体现了保护思想从简单的自然景观单体保护到生态系统和文化系统整体保护演进的过程,其立法体系的垂直和多层次设计促使国家公园的管理相对独立于地方利益纽带,使其能够忠实地服务于自身的管理目标。

Being the first country in the world that has established national park system,the United States has experienced three characteristic phases in the development of its legislative system of national park that were starting,developing and mature,during which the scope of legislation is enlarged from nature to cultural heritage conservation,and the vision is moved forward from independent unit to ecological system conservation.The most typical character of American national park legislation is that a large number of laws were issued by congress level,which prevents the benefit-oriented intervention of local government.