2008～2010年我国手足口病发病特点分析

The temporal and spatial distribution of hand-foot-mouth disease in China from May 2008 to 2010

目的探讨手足口病的流行规律，为手足口病防控提供参考和依据。方法通过国家疾病监测系统获得全国31个省和直辖市手足口病月发病数据，使用Excel软件对数据进行处理。结果手足口病发病数、死亡数及重症病例数逐年上升，2010年发病率高达132．96／10万。实验室诊断病例中EV71阳性和CoxA16阳性病例比例也逐年上升，2010年高达79．92％。病例主要为0～6岁散居儿童，占70％左右。1一岁组发病率最高，2010年1岁儿童发病率高达2877．01／10万。每年的4—7月是全国疫情高发期。北方和南方部分地区每年有1个疫情高峰，南方部分地区每年有2个疫情高峰。不同季节高发地区分布不同。两年多来，全国疫情由北京、天津一带开始，逐渐向东北、内蒙和中部、东南部扩散。西部地区疫情也有逐渐走高态势。结论EV71和CoxA16病毒有新的流行株在全国大部分地区迅速传播，使疫情在全国大部分地区迅速蔓延。疫情的高发可能与当地的温度、湿度条件，人口密集程度、同外界往来程度和易感人群的积累有关。

Objective To explore the temporal and spatial distribution of hand-foot-mouth disease （HFMD）, and to provide reference and basis for preventing and controlling HFMD. Methods Data on HFMD were obtained from national disease supervision information management system and analyzed by Excel. Results It was found that the incidence, the number of deaths and severe cases increased year by year, and the incidence in 2010 was 132. 96 per 100 000. The positive cases of EV71 and CoxA16 increased year by year and reached 79. 92% in 2010. Most patients were preschool children aged from 0 to 6 years, accounting for 70% of the total cases. Children aged 1 to 3 had the highest prevalence, and the incidence of one-year-old children was 2877.01 per 100 000 in 2010. The incidence was highest between April and July. The northern areas and parts of southern areas had one epidemic peak per year, while parts of southern areas had two peaks. Since two years ago, the pandemic had spreaded gradually from Beijing, Tianjin to eastern areas, Inner Mongolia, the midland, and southeastern region of the country. Meanwhile, the incidence in western regions was becoming higher than before. Conclusion The new strains of Enterovirus 71 and Coxsackie A16 virus were spreading all over most regions of the country. The incidence might be related to temperature, humidity, population density, external contacts, and accumulation of susceptible population.