几种除草剂对小麦籽粒产量及生理特性的影响

EFFECTS OF HERBICIDES ON GRAIN YIELD AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WHEAT

为评价除草剂的负效应,研究了大田条件下苯磺隆、使它隆、异丙隆、骠马和绿麦隆5种除草剂春季施用对强筋小麦烟农19和弱筋小麦扬麦13的籽粒产量及相关生理特性的影响。结果表明,5种除草剂处理后对小麦株高均有一定的抑制作用,表现为高剂量抑制作用强,低剂量抑制作用较弱,其中抑制作用最强的为异丙隆2倍量处理,其抑制率达对照的9.6%;苯磺隆、绿麦隆、异丙隆药后5d显著降低了小麦叶片SPAD值,使它隆及骠马处理则不明显。小麦叶片净光合速率均受到除草剂的抑制,仍以异丙隆2倍量抑制作用最为显著。除草剂对小麦植株生理指标的影响效应随着施药时间的延长逐渐减弱,整体表现为喷施除草剂后15d之前较为显著,其后多数指标能恢复至对照水平。无草条件下施用除草剂显著降低了小麦籽粒产量,减产最明显的是异丙隆和苯磺隆处理,其次为绿麦隆、骠马和使它隆。供试2个小麦品种中,扬麦13表现出比烟农19对除草剂具有更强的耐受性。

In order to evaluate the negative effect of herbicides,five commonly herbicides（tribenuron-methyl,fluroxypyr,isoproturon,puma super and chlorotoluron） were used to investigate their effects on grain yield and physiological characteristics of weak-gluten wheat Yangmai 13 and strong-gluten wheat Yannong 19.Results showed that（1） all of the five herbicides exhibited inhibitory effects against plant height,and the high-dosage treatment showed significant inhibitory effect with weaker inhibitory effect by the low-dosage treatment.Among the five herbicides,isoproturon with 2 times recommended dosage had the greatest inhibitory rate of 9.6%.The impacts of the majority herbicides on Yannong 19 were more serious than on Yangmai 13.（2） All of the 5 herbicides reduced the SPAD values of Yannong 19 significantly 5 days after treatment（DAT）.Tribenuron-methyl,chlorotoluron,isoproturon reduced the SPAD values of Yangmai 13 significantly,but the effects of fluroxypyr and puma super were not significant.（3） Herbicides treatments reduced photosynthetic rate of the 2 tested wheat varieties and this effect of herbicides showed a certain relationship to be dosage.The herbicides＇ effect on Yannong19 was greater than on Yangmai 13 and the strongest inhibition effect was twice the recommended dosage of isoproturon treatment with the inhibition rate of 27%.The impacts of herbicides on the physiological indicators of wheat plant were more obvious at the initial of the treatment,followed by a gradually slowing effect,at the late of the treatment most of the indicators could be restored to the control level.（4） The grain yield of wheat were reduced all herbicide treatments,and isoproturon and tribenuron-methyl showed greater inhibitory effect on wheat grain yield,then followed by chlorotoluron,puma super and fluroxypyr.