我国食用天然蓝色素研究进展

Review of research situations of natural blue edible pigments in China

天然色素具有安全、营养、多功能性的特点。天然蓝色素是天然色素中的稀缺色素。植物和微生物是生产天然蓝色素的主要原料来源。植物天然蓝色素主要有靛蓝、栀子蓝、藻蓝蛋白色素等。链霉菌、假单胞菌、假交替单胞菌、杜檊氏菌、黄杆菌、出芽短梗霉、光合细菌、基因工程菌株等微生物中的某些种类能够产生天然蓝色素,其中放线菌紫(红)素、绿脓菌素、紫色杆菌素为兼具抗生素作用的蓝色素。超声波破碎、柱层析和高速逆流色谱、超临界流体法、微滤和超滤等先进技术应用于天然蓝色素的提取分离及精制纯化,微胶囊化、酯化、醚化、酰化等促进色素稳定的反应技术也被应用于改善天然蓝色素的稳定性及色素的其它性能。

Among the safe,nutrient and multifunction natural pigments,natural blue pigments are very rare.Natural blue pigments are mainly produced from plant and microbial materials.Indigo,gardenia blue,phycocyanin are made from plant materials.Microbial strains such as Streptomyces sp.,Pseudomonas sp.,Pseudoalteromonas sp.,Duganella sp.,Flavobacterium sp.,Aureobasidium pullulans,photosynthetic bacteria and certain genetically engineered strains are well known of producing natural blue pigments,such as antibiotic actinorhodin,pyocyanin and violacein.During the extraction,separation and purification of natural blue pigments,many modern advanced techniques such as ultrasonic fragmentation,column chromatography high-speed countercurrent chromatography,supercritical fluid method,microfiltration and ultrafiltration are often used.Microencapsulation,esterification,etherification,acylation reactions can also be used to enhance pigment stability as well as to improve some other properties of natural pigments.