酶法生产海藻糖研究进展

Study on the production of trehalose through enzyme method

海藻糖是一种安全的非还原性二糖,广泛存在于自然界中,具有保湿性,抗冻抗干燥性,热酸稳定性等特殊的生物学功能,对生物大分子有着非特异性的保护作用,因此在医学、农业、化妆品、食品等行业应用潜力巨大。自20世纪80年代后,各国相继开展了海藻糖生理生化和分子生物学的研究,该糖现已成为国际上最近开发的主要低聚糖之一。本文介绍了海藻糖的生产背景、功能和机理、研究意义和酶合成的生产方法,着重讨论了透性化细胞技术生产海藻糖的国内外研究进展和意义,列举了一些有实际意义的实例,并指出在多种发酵生产海藻糖的技术中,利用基因工程大幅度提高酶活,将透性细胞固定,连续化生产海藻糖成为未来生产的趋势,特别是利用海藻糖合酶一步法转化麦芽糖为海藻糖最具应用前景。

Tehalose is a secure non-reducing saccharide and widespread in nature,moisturizing,resistant to frost and drying conditions,stabilized to heat and acid,and provides nonspecific protection for biologic molecule.Hence it has a variety of potential applications in pharmaceuticals,agriculture,cosmetics and food industry,etc.Since the 1980s,countries have research physiological and biochemical functions and molecular biology of trehalose,making it become one of the main oligosaccharides which are the international development research recently.This study introduces production background,functions,mechanisms,research significances and production of trehalose through enzyme method with useful examples illustrated.This article emphasizes the technology of permeabilized cells,use which to produce trehalose.It points hat in the fermentation methods of producing trehalose,continuous production of trehalose through enzyme method shows a trend in the future,especially it will has a broad prospect of application that one-step process in the transformation from maltose into tehalose with trehalose synthase,when the enzyme activity is improved by genetic engineering and immobilized biomass is applied.