江阴市居民膳食营养与健康状况调查研究

Investigation and research on food nutrition and health condition of inhabitants in Jiangyin

目的了解江阴市居民的膳食结构、营养状况及其相关疾病的流行特征,为政府制定政策、实施综合干预措施提供依据。方法 2007年11月~2008年1月采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法随机抽取江阴市3个镇（街道）、6个行政村（居委）、537个住户中的居民,通过问卷实施入户调查及体检。结果本市居民食物消费品种丰富,但存在膳食结构不合理现象,表现为畜禽肉类和盐类消费过多,杂粮、大豆类消费偏低,蔬莱、水果和奶类消费不足。三大营养素供能比不合理：蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物提供的能量分别占总能量的13.2%、36.7%、50.1%。钙、维生素A、维生素C等营养素缺乏。调查人群中18岁及以上居民体重超重率为29.8%,肥胖率为8.4%,高血压患病率为23.8%,糖尿病患病率为4.0%,高脂血症患病率达19.8%。居民吸烟率31.2%,饮酒率24.6%,经常锻炼率3.5%。结论本市居民膳食结构不尽合理,存在营养过剩与部分微量营养素摄人不足现象,营养相关慢性病患病率在中年人群已达高峰。建议加强营养监测和综合性营养干预,正确引导食物消费,优化膳食模式,倡导健康生活方式,改善居民营养状况,预防相关疾病的发生。

Objective In order to understand the prevalence characteristics of dietary pattern,nutritional status and relevant diseases of residents,and provide basis for government formulating policy and implementation intervention comprehensive measures.Method During November of 2007 to January 2008,adopting stratified multi-stage cluster sampling to investigate 537 residents of 3 towns and 6 administrative villages,by questionnaire to implementation investigation and health examination.Results In our city,residents＇ food consumer goods were rich,but dietary pattern was irrationality,it showed that meat and salts ate too much,miscellaneous grain crops and soya bean ate too less,and vegetables,fruit and milk underconsumption.Three nutriments energize were unreasonable,the energize protein,fat and carbohydrate provided were 13.2%、36.7%、50.1% respectively.Calcium,vitamin A and vitamin C were deficiency in the investigation crowd.The overweight rate of the residents above 18 years old was 29.8%,obesity rate was 8.4%,hypertension prevalence was 23.8%,diabetes was 4.0%,hyperlipidemia was 19.8%,smoking rate was 31.2%,alcohol drinking rate was 24.6%,3.5% of them often exercises.Conclusions In our city,residents＇ dietary pattern was unreasonable,overnutrition and part of micronutrients was insufficient,the incidence rate of chronic diseases correlated to nutrition had reached to the peak in the middle-aged crowd.So we suggested to strengthen nutritional surveillance and comprehensiveness nutrition intervention,leading right food consumption and optimizes dietary pattern,proposing healthy lifestyles,improving the nutritional status and preventing the relevant disease.