劣质原油加工及其主要环境问题与对策

Processing of low-quality crudes and environmental problems & countermeasures

随着世界经济的快速发展,大量的石油资源被消耗,原油地下可开采储量增速变缓,原油的品质日趋劣质化、重质化。另外,随着环境保护法规和标准要求的提高,炼油工业面临的环保压力越来越大,因此有必要优化原油加工流程,充分利用石油资源,提高石油产品的质量,以实现炼油工业的可持续发展。介绍了劣质原油分类并根据原油的品质,对原油加工工艺进行了合理的选择,也对原油加工过程中硫和重金属的分布进行了研究,着重分析了原油中硫及重金属带来的环境问题,并对废气污染、含重金属镍的固体废物的污染提出了相应的环境保护对策,可为设计和管理部门提供参考依据。

With rapid development of global economy and excessive consumption of petroleum resources, the increasing speed of world producible petroleum reserve slows down rapidly and the quality of crude oils is becoming increasingly inferior and heavier. With the implementation of more stringent environmental regulations and standards, the oil refining industry is facing a rising pressure of environmental protection. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize crude oil processing schemes, efficiently utilize the crude oil resources and improve product quality for sustainable development of petroleum refining industry. The low-quality crudes are classified and appropriate process for processing each crude oil is selected. The sulfur and heavy metal distribution in crude oil processing is studied and the environmental problems associated with sulfur and heavy metals in crude oils are analyzed, and countermeasures for the environmental protection of waste gas emission and heavy nickel metal pollution are proposed, which provide a good reference for engineering design and management departments.