以问题为基础学习教学方法在肾脏生理学教学中的应用

A trial of problem-based learning in teaching of renal physiology

以问题为基础学习（problembasedlearning，PBL）教学方法在国内外医学教育中逐步推广应用。针对首都医科大学燕京医学院2008级三年制临床医学专业二年级的部分学生，开展了一次以生理学中“尿的生成与排出”为主题的PBL教学尝试。对此次PBL教学效果的综合评估显示，学生在学习兴趣、积极探索、自主学习、综合分析和学习资料搜集等方面均有明显提高，多数学生对PBL教学持肯定态度。尽管在某些环节，例如问题设计等方面还有待改进和完善，但本次PBL教学尝试总体效果良好。我们从中取得的基本经验是，教学模式的选择要从实际出发，根据具体授课对象、具体知识内容，合理选用恰当的教学方法，尽量做到不同教学方法的有机结合，实现教学效果的最大化。

As an increasingly popular pedagogic model, problem-based learning （PBL）has been an instructional method that challenges students to ＂learn to learn＂. Here, a PBL trial on formation and excretion of urine was conducted among grade 2 medical students in our college. The evaluation to the PBL program showed that the students＇ enthusiasm improved their subject; their abilities to seek solutions to real world problems were largely enhanced. They know how to work cooperatively in groups and how to find and use appropriate learning resources. Despite some aspects, such as how to prepare problems to engage the curiosity of students in PBL need to be further investigated, the PBL trial has been successful in all. From the trial, we learned that PBL program must be combined with traditional teaching method and experimental teaching according to the basis of the students.