糖代谢异常孕妇膳食营养状况调查

Dietary nutritional status of pregnant women with abnormal glucose metabolism

目的:调查糖代谢异常孕妇饮食结构及营养素摄入情况,以便有针对性地进行营养指导。方法:选取OGTT试验异常孕妇79例作为调查对象。使用24 h膳食回顾调查法,分析调查对象每天膳食热能及各种营养素摄入量,能量、蛋白质和脂肪来源,餐次比情况,并将饮食状况与孕妇OGTT血糖浓度进行Logic回归分析。结果:调查对象大部分热能摄入过量;脂肪及糖类产热比偏高,蛋白质产热比相对偏低(P<0.05)。三餐能量分配不合理,晚餐过高,早餐不足。经过Logistic回归的分析,早餐中粥、肠粉和米饭的摄入过多为危险因素,水果日摄入量>400 g为危险因素;孕期蔬菜食物日摄入量400 g以上为保护因素。结论:糖代谢异常妇女饮食营养结构不合理。有必要进行个体化饮食指导,提高怀孕与生育的质量。

Objective To investigate the dietary structure and nutrient intake of pregnant women with abnormal glucose metabolism in order to provide appropriate nutritional guidance.Methods 79 pregnant women with abnormal findings in OGTT test were enrolled for this study.The diet the subjects had taken in 24 h was recorded for the survey.The calories,intake of various nutrients,energy,protein,fat and meals were calculated.The logic regression analysis of dietary status with OGTT glucose concentrations was performed.Results Most of the cases had excessive energy intake,with relatively high level of fat and sugar and relatively low level of protein（P〈0.05）.Energy was not well distributed in three meals per day,high in super,low in breakfast.Logistic regression analysis showed that eating too much porridge,noodle and rice at breakfast is a risk factor,as well as daily intake of fruit 〉400 g.The daily intake of vegetables should be more than 400 g during pregnancy.Conclusion The dietary structure and nutrient intake of pregnant women with abnormal glucose metabolism is irrational.It is necessary to provide individualized dietary guidance to the pregnant women so as to improve the quality of pregnancy and childbirth.