对罗尔斯“无知之幕”的马克思主义哲学反思

Marxist Philosophical Examinations on Veil of Ignorance by John Rawls

罗尔斯把正义解释为契约行为的结果,并设定"无知之幕"为契约主体的特殊理智条件,以保证消除各个参加商谈的契约主体对自己特殊善的意识。但是,"无知之幕"与契约行为的性质不相容。正义契约的利益攸关性使得其参与主体不可能对之采取纯粹思维游戏的态度而任意抽象地选择自己的思维方式,相反,却必然会被真实的自我存在意识所支配。而被作为人的存在前提的现实社会存在地位所决定的人的特殊自我意识,亦会必然卷入契约商谈过程而打碎"无知之幕"假设的有效性。

Rawls interprets justice as the result of bonds and sets veil of ignorance as a condition so as to get rid of bonds participants＇ consciousness. However, veil of ignorance and bonds are incompatible. It＇ s impossible for the benefits of justice bonds to make participants have their own thinking ways, but on the contrary, they will be controlled by their own true consciousness. The real society will decide their special self- consciousness, which will come into the negotiation process, and thus the efficiency of veil of ignorance will be gone.