印度古代哲学中的“极微”观念

The Concepts of Paramānu in Ancient Indian Philosophy

"极微"观念在印度古代哲学中有重要影响。印度历史上流行的多数哲学派别都对其给予关注。胜论派、正理派以及佛教新有部等认为极微是构成世间事物的最小物质单位,是实在的;吠檀多派和数论派认为极微不实在;大乘佛教中的瑜伽行派则部分承认极微的作用,但认为极微在本质上是一种"假立"。各派对极微的看法与其理论体系的基本取向直接相关。比较和分析不同类型的极微论对于认识印度哲学的特色有积极意义。

The concepts of Paramanu have an important influence in ancient Indian philosophy.Most of the philosophical schools in Indian history have paid their attentions to Paramānu Vaisesika,Nyaya and New Sarvasti-vadin in Buddhism.They hold that pararnqzu is the smallest material unit,many such units can form world things,and the Paramanu is real.Vedanta and Sāmkhya hold that Paramanu is unreal.Yogacara in Buddhism partly admits the function of Paramānu,but also considers that the concepts of Paramānu are falsely established in reality.These different viewpointsof Paramanu have close connection with the main trend of their theoretical systems.The comparison andanalysis on different types of Paramānu theories have positive significance for seeing the features of Indian philosophy.