制度功能之哲学分析

Philosophical Analysis of Institutional Function

作为"规范、规则"意义上的制度,其功能是对人的社会行为进行控制。"控制"就是引导人的社会行为,而"引导"既包含"约束、限制",也包含"激励、促使"。对人的行为进行控制不同于对机器系统的控制,人的行为是由内控指令和外控指令相互作用进行控制的。制度的控制功能分为对人的社会行为进行激励、迫使、禁止三种基本类型。根据制度的功能,把制度分为激励型制度、迫使型制度和禁止型制度三种基本类型。这三种制度的控制规则和控制机制是不同的。有些制度侧重某种功能,而有些制度则具有综合功能。制度的实施过程,就是用制度规则控制人的行为的过程。

This paper argues that the function of institution,in the sense of 'norm and regulation',is to control over human social behavior.'Control' is to guide human social behavior,while 'guide' includes restraint and limitation,also includes inspiration and precipitation.To control over human behavior is quite different from the control of mechanical system,for human behavior is controlled by the interaction between internal control commands and external commands.Moreover,the functions of institutional control can be divided into three basic types:the inspiration of human social behavior,precipitation and prohibition.Hence,institution can be divided into system of inspiration,system of precipitation and system of prohibit according to the function of institution.However,the rules and scheme of these three kinds of systems are different.Some emphasizes certain kind of function,while others stress synthetic function.In sum,the implement of institution relies on the control of human behavior through the institutional regulations.