光照强度和土壤水分对辣椒品质和产量的影响

Effect of Light Intensity and Soil Moisture on Fruit Quality and Yield of Pepper

通过3个光照水平(自然光照—L1、遮阴30%—L2和遮阴70%—L3)及4个土壤水分水平(土壤相对含水率分别为田间持水率的40%～55%—W1、55%～70%—W2、70%～85%—W3、85%～100%—W4)试验,研究了其对辣椒品质及产量和水分利用效率(WUE)的影响。结果表明,①自然光及遮阴30%下,随着土壤含水率增加,叶、茎干物质量增加,而根干物质量则呈下降趋势,辣椒果实果长、果径及单果质量增加,土壤含水率超过田间持水率70%～85%,果实生长呈下降趋势;②适度遮阴和降低土壤含水率利于果实品质提高,其中L2W2处理维生素c、可溶性糖、游离氨基酸和可溶性蛋白质含量较高;③耗水量随土壤含水率上升而增加,产量呈先升后降趋势,适当降低土壤含水率利于WUE提高;适度遮阴有利于产量的提高。总之,遮阴30%、土壤相对含水率55%～70%为结果期辣椒较优遮阴和土壤水分组合。

According to the experiment, effects of light intensity and soil moisture on fruit quality, yield and water use efficiency during pepper fruit phase were investigated, to elect the optimum pepper shade and soil moisture combinations and achieve water-saving, high yield, high-quality. There are three levels of shade： natural light （L1）, shade 30% （L2） and shade 70% （La）, four soil moisture levels： soil relative water content were 40% to 55% （W1）, 55% to 70% （W2）, 70% to 85% （W3）, 85% to 100% （W4）. The results showed that： ①pepper leaf and stem dry mass increased, while root dry mass decreased, pepper fruit length, fruit diameter and fruit weight increased, with the increasing of soil water content, in natural light and shade 30 %, but pepper fruit growth showed a downward trend in soil moisture content exceeding field maximum moisture holding capacity of 70 % to 85 % ; ②Moderate shade and reduce soil moisture con- tent are benefit for increasing fruit quality, which vitamin c, soluble sugar, free amino acids and soluble protein content in L2W2 are higher than in other treatments③With the increasing of soil moisture content, water consumption increased, the output was increased and then falling in the same light conditions, and the appropriate reduction in soil moisture is conducive to the improvement of water use efficiency. The same soil moisture and moderate shade are conducive to enhance productivity and reduce invalid water consumption. 30% shade and soil relative water content of 55% to 70%, can be the optimal shade and soil moisture combination during the fruit period of pepper.