石河子垦区种植业用水构成与种植结构调整

Planting Water Utilization Structure and Adjustment of Planting Structure in Shihezi Reclamation Region

石河子垦区地处内陆河流域,在有限水资源条件下,影响垦区可持续发展的主要因子是粮食安全和农业生态稳定。从水足迹构成入手分析种植业用水特点,1995—2009年之间,石河子垦区平均每年输出水资源5.18×108m3。随着棉花种植规模不断增大,粮食安全受到影响,土壤洗盐用水不足,盐碱化程度加重。综合粮食安全、生态稳定和水资源贸易等因素,给出今后种植结构调整方案。种植结构调整后耕地面积需减少25.69%,粮食种植面积为3.89×104hm2,占种植比例的29.25%;水资源贸易量为7.26×108m3,比2009年减少1.22×108m3,减少14.39%;农田生态用水达到29.53%。

Shihezi reclamation region is located in inland river basin.On condition that water resources are limited,the main limiting factors that influence the sustainable development are food security and the stability of eco-agriculture and crop farming is closely related to water resources,food and ecology in this region.The characteristics of water consumption of crop farming was analyzed using the water footprint theory.Results showed that the average annual output amount of water resources from Shihezi reclamation region was 5.18×108 m3 according to the data during 1995 to 2009.With the expansion of cotton plantation,food security has been affected and fewer water could be used to remove soil salts,resulting in severer salinization.Based on the comprehensive analysis in light of food security,ecological stability and water resources utilization,the adjustment programs for the future planting structure was proposed.According to the programs,the area of cultivation land will reduce by 25.69% in which includes an area of 3.89×10^4 hm^2 of grain planting accounting for 29.25% of the total area of cultivation land.The trade volume of water resources will be 7.26×10^8 m^3,which is reduced by 14.39%,up to 1.22×10^8 m^3,comparing with that in 2009.Ecological water use in farmland reach 29.53% of the amount of total agricultural water use.