北京市城市森林生态服务功能研究

Study on Ecosystem Service Function of Urban Forest in Beijing

采用自然监测与室内分析相结合的方法对北京市城市森林的生态服务功能———增加空气负离子、吸滞污染物、消减噪音、滞尘等作用进行了测定。结果表明:①园林植物的存在可以明显提高空气负离子的浓度,空气负离子浓度季节变化明显,随海拔高度的增加,空气负离子浓度呈单峰变化形式,并与温度、相对湿度成正相关关系。②不同树种对污染物吸滞能力差异显著,不同树种叶片中污染元素含量的总体排序基本一致,即S>Cl>Zn>Cu>Cr>Pb>As>Hg>Cd。③林木叶片的滞尘能力(干质量滞尘量)大小顺序为:紫叶小檗>国槐>扶芳藤>小叶黄杨>卫矛>油松>侧柏>杨树;梨>桃>杏>苹果>樱桃。④三环、四环和五环路林带分别以10、150和50m处减噪能力最强,减噪率分别为8.39%、5.81%和6.91%,各环路林带的减噪能力与距离之间存在良好的立方函数关系,回归关系显著。

Ecosystem service function of urban forest in Beijing such as negative air ion increase,pollutants absorption,noise abatement,dust holding was measured by outdoor survey and laboratory experiment.The results showed that： ①The existence of landscape plants can significantly increase the concentration of negative air ion.Seasonable change of negative air ion concentration was evidently.Concentration of negative air ion took on a form of single-peak curve with the altitude increase,and was positive related to temperature and relative humidity.②The absorption capacity of trees was significantly different because of different species.The total absorption capacity order of different trees was basically same just as follows： S〉Cl〉Zn〉Cu〉Cr〉Pb〉As〉Hg〉Cd.③The order of dust holding capacity（the quantity of dust holding of dry weight） was as follows： Berberis thunbergii cv.Atropurpurea〉Sorphora japonica〉Euonymus fortunei（Turcz.） Hand.-Mazz.〉Buxus microphylla〉Euonymus alatus〉Pinus tabulaeformis 〉Biota orientalis〉Populus canadensis Moench,Pyrus pyrifolia〉P.persica〉P.armeniaca〉Malus pumila Mill.cerasum and Cerasus.④The most significant noise abatement capacity in the Third Ring Road,the Fourth Ring Road and the Fifth Ring Road was at 10 meters,150 meters and 50 meters place of the forest belt where the noise reduction rate was 8.39 percent,5.81 percent and 6.91 percent.Regression relation of cube function between noise abatement capability and distance of forest belt in each ring road was significant.