福建三沙湾鱼类群落组成特征及其多样性

Fish community composition and diversity in Sansha Bay of Fujian

根据2008年福建海区三沙湾春季和秋季两个季度月鱼类调查资料,分析和研究福建三沙湾鱼类群落结构及生态类型特点。结果表明:渔获鱼类经鉴定共有94种,其中,软骨鱼类的须鲨目、鲼形目和电鳐目各1种;硬骨鱼类的鲈形目最多,47种,其次鲱形目10种,鲽形目9种。以暖水性种类为主,占总种数70.2%,具有明显的热带和亚热带特征。从种类重量和数量组成看,整个调查港湾以具有一定经济价值种类为主,优势种为半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus sem ilaevis)、硬头鲻(Mugil strongylocephalus)、棘头梅童鱼(Collichthys lucidus)、红狼牙虾虎鱼(Odontam blyopus rubicundus)、大黄鱼(Larim ichthys crocea)、孔虾虎鱼(Trypauchen vagina)、龙头鱼(Harpodon neherus)、棱鮻(Liza carinatus)、海鳗(Muraenesox cinereus)等;总平均资源相对密度为3.49 kg/h,种类多样性指数H为2.017,种类均匀度指数J′为0.820,种类丰富度指数D为2.434。整个海区优势种明显,平均资源相对密度低,多样性指数和均匀度指数分布处于中下水平。

According to the two quarterly fish survey data in Spring and Fall of 2008,the paper analyzed and studied fish community structure and ecological types in Sansha Bay of Fujian.Results showed that： there were 94 kinds of species totally through the appraisal.There was one species of Orectolobiformes,Myliobatiformes and Torpediniformes respectively;Perciformes had 47 species,followed by Pleuronectifoemes 10 species and Clupeiformes 9 species.The warm water species was primary,accounting for 70.2%,which showed obvious tropical and subtropical features.From weight and number composition,the survey harbour had certain types of economic value mainly.The dominant species were Cynoglossus semilaevis,Mugil strongylocephalus,Collichthys lucidus,Odontamblyopus rubicundus,Larimichthys crocea,Trypauchen vagina,Harpodon neherus,Liza carinatus,Muraenesox cinereus,etc.Relative density of overall average resources was 3.49 kg/h,species diversity index H 2.017,species evenness index J′ 0.820,species richness index D 2.434.The whole area had obvious advantage species,the relative density of average resources low,and diversity index and evenness index in the lower level.