华北平原主要作物生产的碳效率研究初报

Preliminary Study on the Carbon Efficiency of Main Crops Production in North China Plain

提高农作物生产的碳效率是实现低碳农业的重要途径之一。为探明农业生产中的碳效率,本文以河北吴桥县为例,基于农户生产调查数据,利用投入产出法,对华北平原冬小麦、夏玉米和棉花3种主要作物生产的碳投入、碳产出和碳效率进行了评价。结果表明,冬小麦、夏玉米和棉花生产的碳投入总量分别为943.47±225.14、525.74±134.73和513.60±138.94kg CE hm-2,其中化肥和电能占总量的大部分,分别约占60%和25%。3种作物碳的产出总量分别为8430.70±774.45、7194.50±754.58和5486.00±547.69kg CE hm-2,其中秸秆约占总量的50%,经济产量约占34%,根约占17%。冬小麦、夏玉米和棉花碳的生产效率分别为7.95±2.55、15.90±4.34和7.60±2.92kg kg-1 CE,碳的经济效率分别为13.28±4.56、21.47±5.86和76.70±29.45 CHY kg-1 CE,碳的生态效率分别为9.59±3.07、14.57±3.98和11.69±4.49kg C kg-1 CE,作物间的碳效率差异显著,初步表明在华北平原,夏玉米生产的碳综合效率最高,棉花次之,冬小麦最低。

Improving the carbon efficiency of crop production is one of the important ways to realize the low-carbon agriculture. In order to get a clear understanding of carbon efficiency in agricultural production, this paper, based on the investigation data of the farmer’s production, applying input and output calculation method, evaluated the carbon input, carbon output and carbon efficiency in production of the three major crops, winter wheat, summer maize and cotton, in Wuqiao County of Hebei Province in North China Plain. The results were as follows：the carbon input of winter wheat, summer maize and cotton was 943.47±225.14, 525.74±134.73,and 513.60±138.94 kg CE ha-1,of which fertilizers and electricity accounted for a majority, about 60% and 25% respectively. The carbon output of the three major crops was 8 430.70±774.45, 7 194.50±754.58, and 5 486.00±547.69 kg CE ha-1 respectively, of which straw accounted for 50%, economic yield accounted for 34%, and root accounted for 17%. The carbon production efficiency of winter wheat, summer maize and cotton was 7.95±2.55, 15.90±4.34, and 7.60±2.92 kg kg-1 CE, respectively. The carbon economic efficiency of the three crops was 13.28±4.56, 21.47±5.86, and 76.70±29.45 CHY kg-1 CE, respectively. The carbon ecological efficiency of the three crops was 9.59±3.07, 14.57±3.98, and 11.69±4.49 kg C kg-1 CE, respectively. There were signifi-cant differences in the carbon efficiency of the three major crops. Preliminary results showed that the carbon integrated efficiency of summer maize was the highest, followed by cotton, which in turn had higher the efficiency than winter wheat in North China Plain.