对沿海区域机关干部“四高症”的干预效果研究

Effects of nursing intervention on morbidity of hypertension, hyperlipemia, hyperglycemia and hyperuricemia among government functionaries in littoral areas

目的了解沿海区域机关干部“四高症”的发病率及相关知识的认知与需求情况，对患者进行有效的护理干预。方法采用问卷调查方法对260名体检者进行“四高症”的知晓情况和各年龄段对健康知识的需求情况调查，统计各年龄段的发病率，有针对性进行一对一的健康指导。结果在护理干预前高血压、高脂血症、高血糖、高尿酸血症的发病率分别是20．4％，60．0％，18．8％和37．7％；干预后发病率分别是17．3％，49．2％，15．4％和27．3％，干预前后比较差异具有统计学意义（X^2=21．44，4．90，5．82，20．49；P〈0．05）。年龄越大的患者对健康知识需求越高。结论沿海区域机关干部“四高症”的发病率较高，采取针对性的护理干预，提高机关干部的健康意识，是预防“四高症”的关键。

Objective To study the morbidity of hypertension, hyperlipemia, hyperglycemia and hyperuricemia （4H） among government functionaries in littoral areas as well as awareness and needs for relevant knowledge, and to discuss the effect of nursing intervention on it. Methods Questionnaires were employed to investigate awareness of the 4H among 260 participants with physical examination and their needs for health knowledge. Morbidity in different age groups was calculated and targeted individual health guidance was implemented. Results Awareness of the relationship between 4H and dietary habit, obesity and coronary heart diseases was high （70. 0% , 67. 7% , 65. 8% , respectively） , while awareness of the complications and prognosis of the 4H was low （ 10.0% ）. Needs for health knowledge increased with age, and demand rate for health knowledge was 100% in those above 61 years old. Morbidity of hyperlipemia was the highest among those of 31 to 60 years old before the nursing intervention. Morbidity of hypertension and hyperglycemia increased but that of hyperuricemia decreased with age. The morbidity of the 4H was 20.4% , 60.0% , 18.8% and 37.7% before the nursing intervention and 17.3% , 49.2% , 15.4% and 27.3% after the intervention. The difference was statistically significant （ X^2 = 21.44,4.90,5.82,20.49 ; P 〈 0. 05 ）. Conclusions The morbidity of hypertension, hyperlipemia, hyperglycemia and hyperuricemia is relatively high among government functionaries in littoral areas. Targeted nursing intervention and health awareness is the key to the prevention of the 4H.