新疆博乐地区的“三水”资源及其开发利用与生态环境保护

Xinjiang Bele Area Exploiting and Using the "Three water " Resources, and Protecting Ecology Environment

本文主要讨论博乐地区的水资源及其开发利用中所引起的环境问题与对策。通过估算,该区有总水资源24.6×10~8m^3,地表径流21.2×10~8m^3,平原地下水补给量10.0×10~8m^3、可采资源6.03×10~8m^3。受不合理开发及传统的大水漫灌方式和有灌无排、水利设施简陋等人为因素影响,地表水大量渗入补给地下水,引起地下水位抬升。在强烈蒸发浓缩作用影响下,土壤次生盐渍化面积逐年扩大,淡水面利用量递减,水资源重复利用量衰降,植被复盖率降低,生态环境恶化。为抑制生态环境恶化,必须加强水资源的科学管理,坚持两水统调,灌排结合,植树种草,防风固沙,改善小气候,促使生态良性循环。

The thesis chiefly discuss the environment problem and countermeasure that take Place in exploiting and using the water resources where BeLe area From appraised, the water resoures of this area is 24.6×10~8m^3, surface runoff amount are 21.2×108m^3, groundwater supplement of flatl and are 10.07×10~8m^3, recoverable resources are 6.03×10~8m^3, As the influence of puting resources fo no rational, and overflow string irrigat with traditional way, and irrigate but not drain, and simpeland crude water conser vancy facilies, ect, that a large number of surfacewater seeped into ground, to influence the groundwater level rised, By the effect of hardly evaporated and concentrated, the secondary salinized soil of this area is adding year by year, the amount of used fresh water gradually reduced, the water resources repetition is decreasing, cover rat of vegetation cut down, ecology environment be worsen、For restain the environment feedback, we must control the water resources with scientific methods, and persis in regulating, two water, irrigation combine drain, plant trees and grasses, defence wind and fixed sand, chang the small climate to spur the environment finely cricle.