城乡分割、经济发展与乡-城流动人口的收入融入研究

The Effects of Hukou and Development on Earnings of Different Types of Migrants

通过比较流入地市民、城-城流动人口、乡-城流动人口的绝对收入水平及流动人口与本地市民相对收入比率发现,其一,与本地市民相比,城-城流动人口的收入更高,乡-城流动人口的收入较低,表明流动人口群体内发生了因户籍制度引起的收入分化;农村户籍使乡-城流动人口难以获得与本地市民类似的收入待遇。可见,在探讨流动人口的收入时,必须区分其户籍身份,以免得出不正确的结论。其二,虽然在经济发达省区,乡-城流动人口的绝对收入高于经济欠发达地区的同类人群,但相对融入程度却更低;而在欠发达省区,乡-城流动人口的收入与本地市民更接近,呈现出低水平融入的特点。这表明,经济发展与收入融入并非线性关系;发达的经济也未必能促进乡-城流动人口的融入。

This paper presents an empirical analysis of absolute earnings among rural-to-urban migrants,urban-to-urban migrants,and local residents with an urban registration,and relative earnings of migrants in relation to local residents.The principal finding of the study is that there are major differences in both absolute and relative earnings among these three groups.In particular,urban-to-urban migrants have the highest income,followed by local residents,and rural-to-urban migrants have the lowest earning.Also,the relative earnings of rural-to-urban migrants are the lowest in more advanced areas,while the highest in less developed provinces.Such findings suggest that first,the registration system（hukou） and other structural and institutional constraints attached to this system render rural-to-urban migrants doubly disadvantaged,and that there appears social stratification between the two types of migrants,also due to hukou and its derivatives.