中国出口企业的“生产率悖论”与“生产率陷阱”——基于2008年中国制造业企业数据实证分析

Paradox & Trap about Productivity of Chinese Export Enterprises:Empirical Evidence for Chinese Enterprises in Manufacturing Industry in 2008

在Melitz提出从企业异质性角度分析生产率对出口影响以后,国内学者运用实证检验认为我国制造业企业出口存在"生产率悖论"即出口企业的生产率低于未出口企业,也检验得出出口企业存在"生产率陷阱",即出口对企业生产率具有阻碍作用。本文首先提出一个数理模型研究企业出口与生产率的相互联系,再运用2008年中国工业企业数据库实证检验"生产率悖论"与"生产率陷阱",并讨论它们存在的原因,为了使结论更加可靠,本文对出口企业与国内企业分别进行了全国、分行业、分省份的实证检验。最后在模型分析与实证检验的基础上提出我国出口制造业企业走出"生产率陷阱"的途径。

According to the view proposed by Melite, export is affected by the productivity due to the heterogeneity of enterprises. Empirical results obtained by home researchers demonstrated there was a paradox that the productivities of export enterprises were lower than those of non-export enterprises. Meanwhile, there was a trap that the productivity was hindered by export. This paper proposes a math model about the relation between the productivity and export of the enterprises, which together with the paradox and trap is checked and analyzed by the empirical evidence from the database of Chinese industrial enterprises in 2008. To be accurate, export and non-export enterprises are checked in the ranges of the nation, individual industry, and the province respectively. Based on the model and the empirical evidence, the way to get rid of the trap about the productivity is suggested for Chinese export manufacturing enterprises.