1PEMBROKE T P, RASUL F, HART C L, et al. Psy- chological distress and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the Renfrew and Paisley (MIDSPAN) study [ J]. J Epidemiol Community Health, 2006, 60 (9) : 789 -792.
2BLINDERMAN C D, HOMEL P, BILLINGS J A, et al. Symptom distress and quality of life in patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [ J ]. J Pain Symptom Manage, 2009, 38 (1): 115-123.
3MEDINAS AMOROS M, MAS-TOUS C, RENOM-SO- TORRA F, et al. Health-related quality of life is asso- ciated with COPD severity: a comparison between the GOLD staging and the BODE index[ J ]. Chron Respir Dis, 2009, 6 (2): 75-80.
4KAPLAN R M. The minimally clinically important difference in generic utility-based measures [ J ]. COPD, 2005, 2 (1): 91-97.
5KATSURA H , YAMADA K, KIDA K. Both generic and disease specific health-related quality of life are de- teriorated in patients with underweight COPD [ J ]. Re- spir Med, 2005, 99 (5): 624-630.
6FAN V S, BRIDEVAUX P O, MCDONELL M B, et al. Regional Variation in Health Status among Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients [ J ]. Respira- tion, 2011, 81 (1): 9-17.
7LOPEZ VARELA M V, DE OCA M M, HALBERT R J, et al. Gender related difference in COPD in five Lat- in American cities: The PLATINO study[ J]. Eur Respir J, 2010, 36 (5): 1034-1041.
8LIANG W M, CHEN J J, CHANG C H, et al. An em- pirical comparison ,of the WHOQOL-BREF and the SGRQ among patients with COPD [ J ]. Qual Life Res, 2008, 17 (5): 793-800.
9SUGAWARA K, TAKAHASHI H, KASAI C, et al. Effects of nutritional supplementation combined with low-intensity exercise in malnourished patients with COPD[J]. Respir Med, 2010, 104 (12): 1883- 1889.
10MOULLEC G, NINOT G. An integrated programme af- ter pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with chronic ob- structive pulmonary disease: effect on emotional and functional dimensions of quality of life [ J 1. Clin Reha- bil, 2010, 24 (2): 122-136.
3Murray CJ,Lopez AD.Mortality by cause for eight regions of the world:Global Burden of disease study[J].Lancet,1997,349:1269-1276.
4Celli BR,Cote CG,Marin JM,et al.The body-mass index,airflow capacity index in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease[J].N Engl J Med,2004,350(10):1005-1012.
5Mahler DA,Wells CK.Evaluation of clinical methods for rating dyspnea[J].Chest,1988,93:580-586.
6ATS Committee on Proficiency Standards for Clinical Pulmonary Function Laboratories.ATS statement:guidelines for the six-minute walk test[J].Am J Respir Crit Care Med,2002,166:111-117.
7Sethi S.Pathogenesis and treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease[J].Semin Respir Mediators Crit Care Med,2005,26:192-201.
1Vestbo J, Hurd S S, Agusti A G, et al. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: GOLD executive sum- mary[J]. American iournal of respiratory and critical care medi- cine, 2013, 187(4): 347-365.