寒地水稻磷素适宜施用量的研究

The Study on Reasonable Dosage of Phosphate Fertilization in Paddy in Cold Areas

采用小区对比方法,随机区组设计,以空育131为试验材料研究寒地水稻磷肥施用效果及适宜的施用量。结果表明:试验区速效磷含量为22～26 mg.kg-1,土壤供磷量为58.7 kg.hm-2,可以满足水稻常规生产的需要,磷肥利用率较低,经济效益不显著,产投比低;两年最佳产量需P2O5量分别为19.4和26.4 kg.hm-2,仅相当于目前农业生产上磷肥用量的35%左右。而目前农业生产上,与试验地肥力相当或更高土壤大约占90%以上,因此,应降低磷肥用量,磷肥节约空间巨大。

The reasonable dosage of P2O5 in Paddy in Cold Areas is studied by the comparative method and random block design,The cultivar used was kongyu 131,which was transplanted at 30×13.3 cm spacing in plots of 3×10 m.The results showed that the amount of P2O5 provided by the soil was 58.7 kg·hm-2 when available phosphorus of tested soil was 22~26 mg·kg-1,which can meet the rice conventional production with lower utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer,poorer economic returns,lower output investment ratio.The amount of P2O5 on the best production were 19.4 and 26.4 kg·hm-2 respectively in two years,which was only about 35% of agricultural production in the present.For production,fertility equal or higher soil accounts for about 90%,thus,phosphorus dosage must be reduced to make huge saving space of phosphate.