冬奥会竞技体育强国优势项目的比较研究

Advantage Sports Events of Sports Powers at Winter Olympic Games

优势项目的发挥是各国冬奥会代表团夺取奖牌的主要途径,是实现竞技体育强国的战略基础。回顾近三届冬奥会各竞技体育强国所取得的成绩,对冬奥会竞技体育强国优势项目的特征进行比较分析,得出以下结论:德国、美国、加拿大、挪威成为冬奥会第一集团,在优势项目上具有整体优势,成绩稳定,绝对优势项目突出,可持续发展空间较大。俄罗斯等9个国家为冬奥会的第二集团,呈现出夺金点明显少于第一集团、部分国家优势项目群比较单一的特征。

Displaying advantage sports events is the main way for each Winter Olympic delegation to win medals, and is the strategic basis of becoming the athletics sports powerful nation. By reviewing the results which each athletics sports power- ful nation obtains during the 19 -21st nearly three Winter Olympic Games and the comparative analysis of the advantage sports＇ characteristics which each athletics sports powerful nation possesses can we draw the following conclusions：Ger- many, the US, Canada, Norway make up the first group of the Winter Olympic Games. They have the overall superiority in the advantage sports with the results stable, and they are also prominent in the overwhelming advantage sports and the space for sustainable development is large. A total of nine countries including Russia make up the second group of the Winter O- lympic Games. They present us with the characteristics that they possess much fewer chances of winning the gold medals than the first ~roup and the advantaze sports of partial countries show comparative single feature.