特异性抗体效价检测技术概述

Quantitative Detection of Specific Antibodies

特异性抗体效价是生物制品活性(浓度)的重要标志,通常采用生物学方法来测定,并以抗体与其相应抗原反应产生的、可观察到的标准免疫反应来表示。抗原抗体间除发生特异性反应外,还会产生交叉反应,从而使特异性抗体效价的检测出现偏差,这在实际应用中亟需避免。特异性抗体效价检测技术是疾病诊断、特异性免疫球蛋白制备和疫苗评价等领域的关键技术,在生物制品质量控制及医学临床实践中意义重大。本文对抗体效价检测的常规技术及其研究进展进行简要综述,并对这些技术的特异性、灵敏性、检测周期及应用情况等方面进行比较分析,以期对特异性抗体效价检测技术有一个系统全面的认知,有利于研究人员在实际应用中选择合适的技术,共同推动抗体检测技术的发展。

Specific antibody titers was the index of the potency （concentration） of biological products, which is detected by biological methods, and it was estimated by the standardized level of the immune response of antibody with the antigen. It would also yield cross-reactions between antibody and the antigen, resulting in determination deviation of specific antibody titers, which occurred fre- quently and need to resolve in practice. Quantitative determination of specific antibody titers was crucial technology for disease diagnosis, specific IgG purification and vaccine assessment, which was practical significance in quality control of biological products and clinical medicine. This paper gives a review on the quantitative assessment technologies of antibody titers, including the conventional methods, and their research progress. Moreover, the specificity, the sensitivity, the period, and the application of these methods were discussed.