赛前训练对击剑运动员生化、免疫及贫血指标的影响

Influence of Pre-Event Training on Blood Biochemical,Immune and Anemic Indexes of Fencers

通过研究赛前训练对击剑运动员血液中生化、免疫以及贫血指标的影响,为教练科学合理地安排训练强度,避免疲劳提供依据。分别采集22名击剑运动员在训练前、训练后2h和训练后24h的空腹静脉血,测定其内生化、免疫和贫血等15项研究指标。结果表明,监测的生化指标在训练后均呈先升高后降低的趋势。CK的水平变化最为显著,训练后2h的水平是训练前的2倍多。训练后2h,CD3+CD56+和CD3-CD19+显著升高(P<0.01),CD3+CD4+和CD3+CD8+略下降但CD4+/CD8+值不变。训练后24h,各监测免疫指标与训练前比较均升高。贫血指标Hb﹑RBC﹑HCT在三个阶段均呈逐渐下降的趋势,而且女运动员的下降趋势比男运动员更加显著。结果提示,赛前训练强度和休整时间比较合理,训练对运动员肝脏、心脏和肾脏没有实质性损伤且使运动员的机体免疫能力得到了提高。训练后,女运动员比男运动员更容易出现运动性疲劳﹑贫血等情况,而且恢复也较男运动员慢。

In order to furnish evidence for scientifically and reasonably arranging the intensity of training and preventing exhaustion,the influence of pre-event training on blood biochemical,immune and anemia indexes of fencers was studied.Fasting venous blood of 22 fencing athletes was collected at three time points： before training,2 hours after training,and 24 hours after training.In total,15 indexes including biochemical,immune and anemia indexes were detected.The results show that all the detected biochemical indicators after training were increased firstly and then decreased,especially the change of ck,its level was doubled 2 hours after training.The percentages of CD3 ＋ CD56 ＋ and CD3 ＋ CD19 ＋ were significantly increased（P0.01）.Although the percentage of CD3＋CD4＋ and CD3＋CD8＋ were decreased,the ratio of CD4 ＋ to CD8 ＋ was unchanged.24 hours after training,the level of all the detected immune indexes was higher than that of before training.The level of anemia indexes Hb,RBC and HCT was constantly decreased after training.The decline of anemia indexes in female group was more significant than that of male group.The results suggested that the arrangement of intensity of training and recovery time was scientifically and reasonably.No damage occurred in Liver,Heart and Kidneys.Body immunologic function was improved.Compared with the male fencers,the female fencers were not only more likely to appear tiredness and motility anemia after training,but also slower in the instauration.