门诊心理治疗者的个性特征和心理防御机制特点分析

Psychological defense mechanism and personality of outpatients with mental disorder

目的分析接受门诊心理治疗的精神障碍患者的个性特征和心理防御机制特点。方法使用海斯曼心理CT系统对128名接受门诊心理治疗患者进行测试,评估其个性特征、心理防御机制等。结果 (1)方差分析后LSD事后检验发现,焦虑障碍和适应障碍的原始防御分数高于躯体化障碍(P<0.05);躯体化障碍的退缩分数最高,心境障碍次之,适应障碍和焦虑障碍最低(P<0.01);适应障碍和焦虑障碍的压抑分数最高,心境障碍次之,躯体化障碍最低(P<0.01);适应障碍、焦虑障碍和心境障碍的否认分数均高于躯体化障碍(P<0.01);躯体化障碍的精神质分数最高,心境障碍次之,适应障碍和焦虑障碍最低(P<0.01);适应障碍、焦虑障碍和心境障碍的掩饰性分数均高于躯体化障碍(P<0.05)。(2)相关分析显示,年龄与转移和神经质呈正相关,受教育程度与退缩、精神质和外内向呈负相关,而与否认和男子-女子气呈正相关(P<0.05)。精神质和外内向分别与原始防御、压抑和否认呈负相关,与退缩和转移呈正相关;神经质与退缩和转移呈正相关;掩饰性则与原始防御、压抑和否认呈正相关,与退缩呈负相关(P<0.01)。(3)协方差分析发现,疗效好者的原始防御、压抑、否认、精神质和外内向分数低于疗效差者,退缩、转移、掩饰性和男子-女子气分数高于疗效差者(P<0.05)。结论门诊心理治疗者的个性特征、心理防御机制与其年龄、受教育程度和疾病类别有关,且会影响心理治疗的临床疗效。

Objective To study the psychological defense mechanism and personality of the outpatient with mental disorder in psychological therapy.Methods 128 outpatients in psychological therapy were investigated by applying Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory（MMPI）.Results Personality and psychological defense mechanism were related with age and education.Personality was related with psychological defense mechanism.The outpatients who were treated better had lower scores of denial,primitive defense,introversion-extroversion,psychoticism and repression than those who rehabilitated worse,but had higher scores of regression,displacement,lie and masculinity（P0.05）.Conclusion The psychological defense mechanism and personality of the outpatients in psychological therapy are related with age,education and diagnoses,and can affect the therapeutic effect of psychological therapy.