分布式InSAR系统技术综述

Technology Review on Distributed Satellite InSAR System

概述分布式卫星干涉合成孔径雷达(InSAR)系统的定义、组成、工作体制、应用领域及特点。综述了4个典型的分布式卫星InSAR系统发展现状,分析了总体技术、编队控制、三同步和基线测量四项系统关键技术。讨论了分布式卫星InSAR系统的高分辨率与宽观测带、实时与准实时和多功能发展方向。针对可实现高分辨率与宽观测带的多通道技术,分析了相位中心个数与重频的关系,并以一发三收模式为例,设计分辨率1 m、观测带宽度30 km波位参数,并分析总结其技术难点。针对有望实现实时与准实时监视的中、高轨InSAR系统,分析了处理器带宽、合成孔径时间、天线尺寸、峰值功率和基线等参数与轨道高度的相互关系。以轨道高度30 000 km为例,设计分辨率5 m、覆盖范围600 km波位参数,分析并总结了系统的关键技术。

The definition, composition, work mode, application fields and characteristics of the distributed satellite InSAR system were overviewed in this paper. The development of the four typical distributed satellite InSAR systems was summarized. The 4 key technologies of integration technology, formation control, three synchronization and baseline measurement were analyzed. The developing trends which were high-accuracy and wide-band observation, real-time and quasi real-time monitoring, multi-function application were discussed. The relationship between the number of phase center and repetition frequency was analyzed for the multi-channel technology with high accuracy and wide band observation. The parameters were designed for a system of one transmitter and three receiver with accuracy 1m and beam position 30 km, and the keys were summarized. The relationships between the orbital altitude and parameters such as processor bandwidth, synthetic aperture time, antenna size, peak power and baseline were discussed for InSAR systems which would realize the real-time and quasi real-time monitoring. The system parameters of the system working on orbital altitude 30 000 km with the accuracy 5 m and beam position 600 km were designed, and key technologies were analyzed and summarized in the system.