妊娠母猪饲粮中不同苜蓿鲜草替代量对其生产性能的影响

Effects of fresh alfalfa levels and alfalfa meal in the diet on the production performance of sows

在母猪妊娠期用不同比例的紫花苜蓿鲜草代替部分精料,研究其对生产性能及经济效益的影响。试验选用胎次、配种时间、上胎产仔数、体况等基本一致的大长二元母猪30头,采用单因子完全随机设计,共分为6个组,每组5头猪,每头猪1个重复。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别用紫花苜蓿鲜草代替10%,20%,30%,40%的基础日粮(按干物质折算),试验Ⅴ组用紫花苜蓿草粉代替20%的基础日粮。结果表明:1)和对照组相比,在妊娠母猪饲粮中无论是用不同比例的紫花苜蓿鲜草还是用20%的苜蓿草粉代替精料,均提高了饲粮中粗蛋白质、粗灰分、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、钙和总磷的表观消化率,其中试验Ⅲ组的提高幅度最大,极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);随着紫花苜蓿鲜草替代量的增加,粗脂肪的表观消化率依次下降,但苜蓿草粉组和对照组几乎无差别。2)随着紫花苜蓿鲜草替代量的增加,繁殖期母猪体增重和背膘增加量均呈先升后降的趋势,而妊娠期母猪背膘增加量和泌乳期母猪背膘减少量依次下降。和对照组相比,在妊娠期母猪饲粮中以紫花苜蓿鲜草和草粉替代等干物质量的精料,均提高了母猪的采食量,其中试验Ⅲ组的采食量最大,极显著(P<0.01)高于对照组。紫花苜蓿鲜草和草粉替代精料后,断奶至发情时间间隔有所缩短,但各组之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。3)随着紫花苜蓿鲜草替代精料量的增加,提高了初生窝产仔猪总数、初生窝产活仔数、断奶仔猪数、断奶窝重和断奶窝平均日增重;鲜草试验组(试验Ⅲ组除外)的断奶仔猪个体重和对照组相似,试验Ⅴ组显著(P<0.05)高于对照组和其余各试验组,试验Ⅴ组的断奶仔猪日增重也极显著(P<0.01)高于对照组和其他试验组。综合分析认为,母猪妊娠期饲粮中用30%的紫花苜蓿鲜草代替精料其生产性能和经济效益最佳。

To evaluate the effects of replacing concentrate with different levels of fresh alfalfa（Medicago sativa） or alfalfa meal on the production performance of sows a single-factor and randomized block design was used.Thirty Large White×Landrace sows,with similar mating date,birth order,superior fetal litter size,and body condition,were divided into six groups with five pigs per group,one pig for each duplicate.The pregnant swine of the control group was fed the basal diet（0% alfalfa）,while those of test groupsⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ were replaced with 10%,20%,30%,40% fresh alfalfa（by dry matter %）,respectively,and that of test group Ⅴ was replaced with 20% alfalfa meal.1） Compared with the control group,the digestibility of all test groups,including CP（crude protein）,Ash（crude ash）,NDF（neutral detergent fiber）,ADF（acid detergent fiber）,Ca and P were improved,and the digestibility of group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that of the control group（P0.01）;As the fresh alfalfa level was increased,the apparent digestibility of crude fat decreased but there was no significant difference between the alfalfa meal group and the control group.2） As the fresh alfalfa level increased,the weight gain of breeding sows and the amount of backfat increased at first but then decreased,while the amount of backfat during pregnancy and backfat reduction during lactation decreased;Compared with the control group,the feed intakes of all test groups increased,and that of group Ⅲ was the biggest,and was significantly（P0.01） greater than that of control group;Using fresh alfalfa and alfalfa meal,the interval of weaning to estrus was shortened,but there were no significant differences（P0.05） between the groups.3） Fresh alfalfa had a positive influence on the total newborn piglets,newborn live piglets,weaning piglets,weight of weaning litter and daily weight gain of weaning litters;The weights of weaning piglets of the fresh alfalfa groups（except group Ⅲ） were similar to the control group,but the alfalfa meal group of group Ⅴ was significantly higher（P0.05） and the weight of weaning piglets and daily gain of group Ⅴ were significantly higher（P0.01） than those of the control and the other groups.In conclusion,replacing concentrate with 30% fresh alfalfa gave the best value of production performance and economic benefits in the pregnant swine diet.