贵州岩溶地区的草地生态环境与草地畜牧业发展

Grasslands eco-environment and stockbreeding development in the karst areas of Guizhou province

利用2005年贵州省土地利用与石漠化遥感调查数据,借助GIS分析空间功能,提取出全省岩溶区草地面积24 686.74 km2,占草地总面积的67.57%。其中39.77%的草地发生了石漠化(轻度及以上)。近20年,通过引进国外优质牧草、畜种及先进技术,结合自身的特点,进行区域性的实验、试点及推广,在畜种改良、优质牧草培育及搭配栽植、围栏改良、间作(轮作)等方面积累了许多成功的经验,探索并发展成熟多个适合的草地畜牧运作模式,如"研-学-产"、"国外合作"等。总体上,贵州岩溶区草地资源丰富,草地畜牧业发展前景好,但传统粗放经营方式占主导地位,草畜不配套,科技支撑薄弱,应对灾害,尤其重大气候灾害能力低,脆弱性突出,草地退化严重,趋势严峻。诸多科技需求,如优质牧草培育及栽植配比方式、本地良种培育、草地畜牧业的产业化技术及科技支撑体系、草地生态系统初步修复后的管理维护等迫切需要开展研究。

In the karst areas of Guizhou province,utilizing the data of Guizhou land-use and rocky desertification RS investigation,and GIS spatial analysis,24 686.74 km2 grasslands（67.57% of the whole provincial grasslands） were selected in the karst areas of Guizhou province.Of these areas,39.77% was rocky and desertified.In last 20 years,through introduction of forage grass,domestic animal species and advanced techniques and accompanied by experimention and advocacy,we have collected a full range of experiences on modification of domestic animal species,planting and cultivation of pasture,stocking modification,rotations,and intercropping.There are various grassland resources in the karst area of Guizhou province with a good future for pasture and stock,but traditional extensive management is in domestic areas with fewer supporting facilities,and less scientific support so that the ability to face disaster,particularly serious atmosphere change is weak.The soil here is weak,with grassland degeneration.An active demand for technology such as good methods of grassland planting and cultivation,local species cultivation,animal husbandry industry technology and scientific support systems,and management maintainance for restoration of grassland ecological systems are necessary.