关于批判性思维与多学科视野的培养——美国加州大学(UCLA)的经验及其启示

The Cultivation of Critical Thinking and Multidisciplinary Viewpoint——The Case of University of California at Los Angeles(UCLA)

美国高校经常把启蒙思想、探究真理视作自己的使命,把培养学生的"批判性思维"作为达致这一使命的重要方法,批判性思维能力的培养因而成为各高校尤其是研究型大学课程设计围绕的核心;多学科视野则保证学生的批判性思维有据可依、为有效、更有创意,也更加深刻。美国著名州立大学——加州大学洛杉矶分校(UCLA)通过独具匠心的课程设计,刻意培养学生的批判性思维与多学科视野:学校共为一年级新生提供了200门启蒙式小班课程(FIAT LUX)、10门高水平的跨学科聚合课程(Cluster Courses),使学生入校后能迅速转变学习和思维习惯,启动批判性思维与多学科视野这两种最重要的学术素质的养成。

Universities in the United States often view enlightenment and exploration of truth as their missions,the cultivation of critical thinking as a major way to achieve those missions,therefore the cultivation of critical thinking ability of students is placed at the core of curriculum development by many universities,especially the research-oriented universities.Multidisciplinary approach is closely related to critical thinking and guarantees the reliability of critical thinking and makes it more efficient and creative.University of California at Los Angeles（UCLA） provides 200 seminar courses（FIAX LUX） and 10 high quality multidisciplinary courses called Cluster Courses to freshmen to initiate the development of their quality of critical thinking and multidisciplinary viewpoint.