冬枣早期落叶病致病菌分离鉴定及防治药剂筛选试验

Separation and Identification of Pathogen of the Leaf Cast Disease on Winter Jujube and Screening of Fungicides

[目的]为了明确引起冬枣早期落叶病的致病菌并选择有效的药剂进行防治。[方法]采集具有典型症状的病害标样,室内分离纯化后选取5个代表菌株,对病原细菌形态、培养性状、染色反应、生理生化反应和致病性等性状进行测定,并与棉花角斑病菌和烟草野火病菌进行比较。同时室内测定了31种杀菌剂对冬枣早期落叶病病菌的皿内抑菌效果。[结果]结果表明,甘蓝黑腐黄单胞菌和洋葱假单胞菌均能引起冬枣早期落叶病,田间以甘蓝黑腐黄单胞菌侵染为主。硫酸链霉素、72%农用链霉素、新植霉素、50%代森锰锌等4种药剂防治效果最好,抑菌圈直径为1.8～4.8 cm,抑菌斑透明程度好。[结论]初步筛选出了4～6种抑菌效果较好的单剂,用于田间防治试验和防治示范推广。

[Objective] The research aimed to determine the pathogen caused by the leaf cast disease of winter jujube and screen effective fungicides. [Method] Disease samples showed typical symptom were collected and five representative strains were selected to determine morphology, cultural characters, staining reaction, physiological and biochemical reactions and pathogenicity of pathogen, compared with Xantflomonas campestris pv.malvacearum and Psedomonas syringae pv.tabaci. The antibacterial effects of 31 fungicides on the pathogen caused by the leaf cast disease of winter jujube were determined indoor. [Result] The result showed that the leaf cast disease of winter jujube caused by Xanthomonas campestris （Pammel） Dowson and Xanthomonas cepacia Burkhodor. In the field the leaf cast disease caused mainly by Xanthomonas campestris （Pammel） Dowson. The control effects of streptomycin sulfate, 72% streptomycin, neomycin and 50% mancozeh were best. The diameter of inhibition zone reached i.8- 4.8 cm with good transparency. [Conclusion] 4- 6 kinds of fungicides were selected to control the leaf cast disease of winter jujube, which used in the field control tests, demonstration and popularization.