成人疾病发育起源的机制探讨

Possible Mechanisms Involved in the Developmental Programming of Adulthood Disease

宫内生长发育是复杂的动态过程,这一过程受到胎儿本身遗传因素的控制和影响,只有当母亲营养充足,胎盘功能良好足以维持胎儿的高效增殖、生长和分化时,胎儿才能依其生长轨迹生长发育。健康和疾病发育起源或发育程序化概念的提出,反映了在生长发育关键时期的刺激或损伤可造成胎儿关键器官和组织长期的发育和生理性的改变。传统观念认为受到成人不良生活方式影响的疾病,如2型糖尿病、肥胖、高血压和心血管疾病在生命早期即被程序化。综述该领域的流行病学和动物模型研究,探讨其相关的机制。

There are many instances in life when the environment plays a critical role in the health outcomes of an individual, especially those experienced in fetal and neonatal life. The most detrimental environmental problems encountered during this critical growth period are changes in nutrition to the growing fetus and newborn. Disturbances in the supply of nutrients and oxygen to the fetus can not only lead to adverse fetal growth patterns,but also be associated with the development of features of metabolic syndrome in adult life. This fetal response has been termed developmental programming or the developmental origins of health and disease. The present review focuses on the epidemiological studies that identified this association and the importance that animal models have played in studying this concept.