中国职业教育发展与改革:经验与规律

Reform and Development of Vocational Education in China:Experiences and Rules

改革开放30年来,中国职业教育发展经历了高速发展期、发展回落期及目前的发展机遇期,为经济社会发展作出了重要贡献。通过对这一过程的回顾与反思,可以总结出职业教育改革发展的基本规律:职业教育是一个跨界的教育,必须吸收行业、企业的参与;职业教育是以人为本和就业导向的教育,应加强与其他类型教育的协调发展,重视培养学生的职业能力;职业教育作为一个教育类型,应发展自己独立的体系;职业教育发展应该从供给驱动走向需求驱动;职业教育的专业、课程和教学应在满足职业工作岗位要求的基础上培养学生的可持续发展能力。

The development of vocational education has experienced the phase of rapid development,development dropping and development chance in 30 years of reform and development,which contributed greatly to the economic and social development.Reviewing and reflecting the process,the following basic rules for the reform and development of vocational education can be summed： vocational education is an inter-disciplinary education,it must absorb the participation of enterprises and industry;vocational education is the humanism-based and employment-oriented education,and it should strengthen harmonious development with other types of education and try to cultivate students＇ professional abilities;vocational education is a type of education,and it should build independent system;the development of vocational education should transform from supply-driven to demand-driven;the specialty,curriculum and teaching of vocational education should try to cultivate students＇ sustainable development abilities on the basis of meeting the demand of professional posts.