根土系统中的根系水力提升研究综述

An overview of root hydraulic lift in root-soil systems

根土系统可看作是土壤-植物-大气连续体(SPAC)系统的子系统,根土间存在着内在优化协调的动态机制以更大限度地为SPAC过程提供水分和养分。植物根系的水力提升现象是根土系统对水分分异的根土环境中土壤水资源优化利用的过程,是植物根系所具有的一种普遍现象。植物根系的水力提升作用利于植物对土壤水分利用最大化,同时也促进了对土壤养分的吸收利用及对土壤环境的改善。可以从系统优化的观点对这一现象的存在进行理论解释,其发生受一定的条件制约,是必然中的偶然。根系水力提升量不容忽视,在一些环境的植物中,水力提升提供了很大比例的蒸腾水分,不仅对植物蒸腾耗水有利,更存在广泛的生理生态意义。研究根系提水的应用对干旱区农业发展和生态修复有着潜在的价值,具有广泛的研究前景。

Root-soil system may be considered as a subsystem of the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum（SPAC）.Synchronously,dynamic mechanisms in root-soil systems improve water and nutrient supply in the brother SPAC system.Plant root hydraulic lift is a process of root-soil systems that optimizes the homogeneous distribution and use of soil water.This phenomenon is a normal in plant root systems.Plant hydraulic lift processes make it easy to the most use of soil water and to facilitate soil nutrient utilization.Systemic optimization explains the mechanism of root hydraulic lift,which occurrence is restricted by environmental conditions and other inevitable factors.Root hydraulic lift water volume is a non-negligible element of plant growth,which provides a larger portion of water needed for transpiration.Hydraulic lift is not only a transpiration factor,but also a physiological and ecological element of plants.Applied root hydraulic lift research has the potential to improve agricultural development and ecological restora-tion in draught regions.