京津冀地区土地利用/覆被与景观格局变化及驱动力分析

Changes and driving forces of land use/cover and landscape patterns in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region

本文利用土地利用转移矩阵和景观破碎化指数、景观多样化指数采用典型样带对京津冀地区1990年、2000年土地利用数据进行了土地利用/覆被变化(LUCC)和景观格局变化(LPC)的定量及定性分析,探讨了其影响因素,为该区域土地资源可持续利用提供依据。结果发现区域内居民地附近LUCC和LPC强度最大,尤其北京、石家庄等地变化明显。利用多年社会经济统计数据,通过相关分析和主成分分析,定量地确定社会经济、农业生产条件和交通是京津冀地区LUCC和LPC的主要驱动因子。而后,定性分析了地形复杂度和政策对京津冀地区LUCC和LPC的影响,发现西部及北部山区地形较复杂,人类活动干扰较小,故LUCC和LPC在平原地区表现更突出。但生态政策如退耕还林还草和土地开发整理等对西部山区LUCC和LPC有不同程度的影响。最后,综合分析各驱动力在不同地区影响的差异,发现社会经济发达的大城市的驱动因素主要为社会经济,而传统农业区主要受农业生产条件的影响。通过以上定量及定性分析京津冀地区LUCC和LPC的驱动因子,尤其是对驱动因素的时空分异规律分析,为土地管理决策、土地资源保护等提供了科学的依据和指导。

Conversion matrix of land use/cover,landscape fragmentation index（LFI） and landscape diversification index（LDI） were used to quantitatively and qualitatively analyze changes in land use/cover（LUC） and landscape pattern（LP） for 1990-2000 in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei（BTH） region and their driving forces.Two typical sample belts were used in the study.The results showed that changes in LUC and LP were significant especially in the residential areas of Beijing,Tianjin and Shijiazhuang cities.The appli-cation of component and correlation analyses on socio-economic statistical data showed that LUC and LP changes in the region were mainly driven by socio-economic,agro-production and transportation factors.Terrain and policy effects on the changes in LUC and LP were also analyzed and discussed.Complex terrains hindered human disturbances in the west/north mountain areas.Compared with mountainous areas therefore,the plains had more profound changes in LUC and LP in the study area.On the other hand,eco-logical policies such as conversion of croplands into forests and grasslands along with land development and consolidation consti-tuted critical modes of LUC and LP changes in mountainous regions.Comprehensive analysis on the driving forces of LUC and LP changes in the region showed that socio-economic factors were more important in the metropolises and that agro-production condi-tions dominated in traditional agricultural areas.The analysis and especially that of temp-spatial analysis provided a useful dimension to land resources management and protection in the BTH study area.