戴维·洛奇小说中的元小说策略

On the Metafictional Strategies of David Lodge's Novels

戴维·洛奇是当代英国著名的小说家兼文论家。在《处于十字路口的小说家》中,洛奇指出,当今的小说家可以通过创作"问题小说"即"元小说"使现实主义小说创作富有活力。洛奇不仅倡导元小说理论,而且在其小说创作中自觉运用元小说策略。本文将从叙述者与作者的出场、框架叙事与嵌套叙事、拼贴三个方面对洛奇小说中的元小说策略进行探讨。本文认为,洛奇的元小说策略,一方面为处于困境的当代英国小说家提供了有益的参照;另一方面,反映出当代英国小说远离非问题现实主义、对现实主义进行自我意识性质疑的倾向。

David Lodge is a world famous contemporary British novelist and critic. In The Novelist at the Crossroads, Lodge holds that novelists today can revive their realistic writing by creating the ＂problematic novel＂, that is, ＂metafiction＂. Lodge not only advocates the metafictional theory, but also puts it into practice in his creation. This article intends to explore the metafictional strategies employed in Lodge＇s novels from the perspectives of the presence of the narrator or author, frame narrative and embedding narrative and collage.